PBL 2b

Question 1

Lung cancer types

Answer 1

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) : The most common type, accounting for about 85% of cases. It includes subtypes such as:
•Adenocarcinoma: Most common in smokers
•Squamous Cell Carcinoma:linked to smoking history
•Large Cell Carcinoma: Can occur in any part of the lung and tends to grow and spread quickly.

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): Makes up about 10-15% of lung cancers and is almost exclusively caused by smoking. Known for rapid growth and spread.

Question 2

What contributes to lung cancer

Answer 2

Smoking: Primary risk factor, including secondhand smoke exposure.

Radon Gas: Second leading cause of lung cancer.

Occupational Hazards: Asbestos, arsenic

Air Pollution: Increases risk, especially in urban areas.

Genetic Factors: Family history

Question 3

What is nicotine and effects

Answer 3

the chemical in tobacco that keeps you smoking

•Dangerous and addictive
•Can stay in body for 6-8 hours
•Immediate relaxation – temporary
•Increases BP, flow of blood to heart, narrowing of arteries
•Causes hardening of artery walls leading to heart attack
•Some e-cigarettes and newer tobacco products can deliver more nicotine
•Increases release of brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) - regulate mood and behaviour.

Question 4

Smoking effects on the body

Answer 4

Damages heart and circulation
•Risk of diabetes
•Worsen asthma
•Reduce fertility
•Second hand smoke has same risks
•Children at risk of meningitis/SIDS
•Pregnancy miscarriage/premature

Other:
- tobacco odour
- yellow teeth
- lack of appetite

Question 5

Cholesterol

Answer 5

Cholesterol is a waxy substance present in blood plasma and all animal tissues an organic compound and it belongs to the steroid family.
• Cholesterol is an essential compound for life and is a primary component of a cell membrane and surrounds each cell.
• Cholesterol is produced by the liver and in some of the food we eat.

Question 6

How cholesterol affect body

Answer 6

fatty deposits in their blood vessels,
•blood vessels grow and this makes it hard for blood to flow through the arteries, from this the deposits break forming a clot, this is the cause of a heart attack or stroke.

Question 7

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