PBL 2a

Question 1

What is the flu?

Answer 1

also known as influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat and sometimes the lungs.

Question 2

Spread of flu

Answer 2

It is believed that the viruses spread mainly by tiny droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. Touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching your mouth, nose and possibly your eyes can lead to getting infected.

They are contagious in the first 3-4 days after illness begin

Question 3

Symptoms

Answer 3

•Fever
•Cough
•Sore throat
•Runny or stuffy nose
•Headaches
•In worst cases vomiting and diarrhoea

can sometimes lead to complications like bacterial pneumonia, ear infection

Question 4

What are fu vaccines

Answer 4

Simple and safe protection against flu

Mixture of influenza type A and B strains

2types:
Inactivated injection
Nasal vaccine

Question 5

How do flu vaccines work

Answer 5

Step 1 :The influenzas vaccine containing inactivated sub Varian particles of hemagglutinin HA and neuraminidase NA are injected into the muscle

Step 2 :This triggers an immune response mediated by many immune cells. Macrophages breakdown the HA into smaller components and display the HA antigen on their surface

Step 3 : Plasma cells will make antibodies specific to the HA antigen and memory B cells will aid in future infection. So once the white blood cells successfully eradicate the virus, memory B cells will have the antibodies and can rapidly divide if the virus is re-encountered

Question 6

Vaccine administration

Answer 6

Oral

Transnasal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular

Question 7

Blood types with flu

Answer 7

Blood type A - Generates a quick response against flu vaccinations

•Blood Type AB – Poor ability to generate high antibody levels against flu

•Blood type B- Reasonable , but not great ability to generate an antibody response

•Blood type O – Relatively effective ability to generate antibody response against the flu