Intro To Parmakokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacokinetics

A

The mathematical analysis of the time courses of the process of ADME of a drug administered

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2
Q

Pharmaco

A

Drugs

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3
Q

Kinetics

A

Rate

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4
Q

DMPK

A

Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics

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5
Q

Distribution?

A

Description of where in the body the drug goes after administration and absorption

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6
Q

Absorption?

A

Process of gettting a drug from delivery site to the bloodstream

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7
Q

%absorption

A

Amount absorbed compared to amount administered

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8
Q

Metabolism?

A

how the body chemically changes foreign compounds so
that they can be more easily removed from the body

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9
Q

Elimination?

A

how the body removes drugs or metabolites

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10
Q

What did Paracelsus say

A

“All drugs are poisons,
it is just a matter of
the dose”

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11
Q

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

A

Pharmacokinetics : how the body handles the drug

Pharmacodynamics: how the drug affects the body

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12
Q

What does pharmacokinetics allow

A

• Allows comparison of:
- drugs
- formulations
- patients

• Allows prediction of effect of changing
- dose
- dose frequency
- route of administration

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13
Q

Therapeutic window

A

Balance between therapeutic response and adverse effects. The amount of drug exposure is same

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14
Q

Non-adherence to medications

A

Major source of variability in drug therapy

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15
Q

Sites of measurement

A
  • blood plasma
  • blood serum
  • whole blood
  • breath
  • milk
  • urine
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16
Q

Plasma % of blood

17
Q

Buffy coat % of blood

18
Q

Erythrocytes % of blood

19
Q

Drug distribution and elimination are dependant on……

A

The unbound concentration

20
Q

Extravascuar routes o administration for systemic drug delivery

A

Via alimentary Canal = buccal, oral, rectal, sublingual

Other routes = inhalation, intramuscular, intranasal, subcutaneous, transdermal

21
Q

What is systemic circulation

A

carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body.

22
Q

Pulmonary ciculation

A

is a short loop from the heart to the lungs and back again.

23
Q

Systemic absorbiton

A

a route of administration of medication, nutrition or other substance into the circulatory system so that the entire body is affected.

24
Q

Enterohepatic cycle

A

the movement of bile acid molecules from the liver to the small intestine and back to the liverl

25
pH partition hypothesis
explain the influence of GI pH and drug pKa on the extent of drug transfer or drug absorption. Only non-ionised non-polar drugs penetrate the membrane and at equi, the conc of non-ionised species is equal on both sides but the total conc may be different
26
Routes of oral absorption from the gastric lumen
- Transcellular route: passive diffusion - Transcellular route: active transporter utilisation - Paracellular route (tight junctions) - Lipid absorption via micelles / bile salts - Particulate absorption via GALT: (Gut-Associated Lymphatic Tissue)
27
A drug must be ….. to be absorbed
Non-ionised and in solution
28
PKa and pH equations
pKa pKa = pH - log [A-]/[HA] pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]
29
Base % equation
100x(10 ^ pKa-pH / 1 + 10 ^ pKa-pH )
30
Acid %
100x(10 ^ pKa-pH / 1 + 10 ^ pKa-pH )
31
What is unbound concentration
The portion of drug that exerts a pharmacological effect