patterens of life

Question 1

what is a cell

Answer 1

A cell is the smallest unit that can perform the functions of life.
– Cells make up living things and carry out activities that
keep a living thing alive.
* Some organisms, such as most bacteria, are unicellular (consist
of a single cell). Other organisms, such as animals, are multicellular.
A typical human is comprised of about 100 trillion cells.

Question 2

cell theory

Answer 2

Cell theory is a collection of ideas and conclusions from many different scientists that
describes cells and how they operate. The theory is comprised of three main ideas:
1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic organizational unit of life.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
* The third idea refers to cell reproduction. This is made possible because all cells contain
the hereditary information necessary to regulate cell functions and transmit information
from one generation of cells to the next.

Question 3

Unicellular vs. Multicellular
Organisms

Answer 3

Euglena ,Paramecium, Yeast
Plants Animals Fungus

Question 4

Biological Classifications

Answer 4

• Biological classification is a technique use to organize and categorize all life on
  Earth. The classification system for organisms is called taxonomy.
  – Taxonomy is the science of classifying plants, animals, and microorganisms
  into increasingly narrower categories based on shared features.
• These categories are ordered based on the degree of similarity among
  organisms. Thus, organisms are ranked according to a hierarchy of similarity.

Question 5

what are the three domains

Answer 5

The three Domains scientists have organized are: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Question 6

Archaea

Answer 6

• The Archaea are bacteria-like organisms, with a distinct
  biochemistry which distinguishes them from bacteria.
  – These organisms thrive in environments which
  others find hostile (e.g., acid pools)

Question 7

Bacteria

Answer 7

This domain is the largest,
containing millions of
undiscovered specimens.
– These small, singlecelled organisms live
almost everywhere.

Question 8

Eukarya

Answer 8

This domain represents,
everything else.
– Organisms range
from yeast to blue
whales.

Question 9

Prokaryotes

Answer 9

• Prokaryotes are structurally simple single celled organisms that do not have
  membrane-bounded organelles and therefore no nucleus. (Greek: pro-karyon =
  “before the nucleus”)
  – Prokaryotes are barely visible in most microscopes and almost all of them
  have the same appearance making them the largest group of undiscovered
  organisms in the world.
  – Prokaryotes are present in every conceivable habitat on Earth.
• Every organism in the Archaea and Bacteria domains is a
  prokaryote. This makes prokaryotes the most abundant
  form of life on Earth.
• Prokaryotes emerged on Earth ~ 3.5 billion years ago

Question 10

Eukaryotes

Answer 10

• Eukaryotes are organisms with complex cell structures characterized by membranebounded organelles such as the nucleus. (Greek: eu-karyon = “true nucleus”)
  – Organelles are specialized structures in a cell (like organs in your body).
• Eukaryotic cells are 10-500 times larger than prokaryotic cells due to the functions of
  their organelles. They are so large that the organelles within them can often be viewed
  under a light microscope.
• Every organism in the Eukarya domain is a eukaryote. This means that all complex
  organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, are eukaryotes.
• Eukaryotes emerged on Earth ~ 2.7 billion years ago.