Pathophysiology and Disease Processes Flashcards
What disease is characterized by the body’s inability to produce sufficient insulin?
Diabetes Mellitus
What viral disease resulted in an epidemic that presented symptoms such as weakness, paralysis of muscles, fever and headache?
Polio
What disease presented fever, nasal discharge, rash, and red eyes?
Measles
What disease presented rash and swollen lymph glands?
Rubella
What disease presented itself with fever, throat spasms, profuse salivation, and uncontrollable excitement.
Rabies
What factor puts a patient at risk for CVA (stroke)?
Sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is a condition that causes the trachea to narrow or close during sleep, which temporarily causes breathing to stop. It is a risk factor for CVA.
What is the purpose of contrast media in diagnostic imaging?
Contrast media is used to highlight the inner contours of body structures and to enhance visibility for diagnostic imaging of less-dense body structures.
A low fiber, high fat diet puts one at risk for what disease?
Colorectal cancer.
What is a risk factor for the development of congestive heart failure?
Chronic hypertension.
What is a hiatal hernia?
part of the top of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm. Risk factors for a hiatal hernia include middle age and obesity.
Define inguinal hernia
portion of the bowel protrudes into the inguinal canal.
Define umbilical hernia
An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the bowel protrudes through the abdominal muscle wall.
Incisional hernia
occurs when tissue protrudes at a surgical site.
Diabetes mellitus (type 1)
Insulin therapy is the treatment, the symptoms are polyuria polydipsia fatigue blurry vision weight loss and elevated blood glucose. Unknown cause.
PCOS
Symptoms are a regular menstrual cycles, elevated hormone levels, multiple cysts on ovaries. The treatment is weight loss or estrogen or progestin. The cause is unknown
Hypothyroidism
The cause is an autoimmune disease common medications, thyroid surgery. Symptoms are fatigue weight gain muscle aches bradycardia depression elevated cholesterol dry skin. Treatment is synthetic thyroid hormone medication.
Hyperthyroidism
Disease, thyroiditis or plumber’s disease. Symptoms are weight loss, tachycardia, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disruption, goiter. The treatment is radioactive iodine, anti-thyroid medication, beta blockers, thyroidectomy.
Basal cell carcinoma
Light or fair skin or sun exposure are the causes period symptoms are New growth or sore that does not heal. Treatment is cottage or surgery or laser therapy.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Causes light or fair skin or sun exposure period less common than bcc. Symptoms are spreading around surrounding tissue most common on face and head. Requires surgery or laser therapy.
Malignant melanoma
Cause is light or fair skin or sun exposure. Symptoms are itchy or bleeding mole, new mole or no mole with changes. Treatment is surgery biopsy radiation therapy or immunotherapy or chemotherapy.
Alopecia
Causes are hereditary, hormone changes, chemotherapy, stress, Burns or fungal skin infections. There is no cure.
Cellulitis
Causes staphylococcal and streptococcal bacterial infections. Symptoms are red tight skin, pain and inflamed area and fever. Treatment is oral or topical antibiotics
Folliculitis.
Cause is shaving or repeated rubbing of shaped area. Bacteria or fungi, the symptoms are red itchy hair follicles that look like pimples. Treated with regular cleaning antibiotics or electric shaver
Herpes
With herpes. Type 1 symptoms are painful blisters on lips mouth and face. Type 2 symptoms are similar lesions in the genital area. There is no cure but you can use antiviral medication to decrease the frequency of outbreaks.
Impetigo
Caused by staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria. Symptoms are itchy using skin lesions with honey like appearing crust. Treated by antibiotics and frequent cleaning
Psoriasis
Cause is in its an inherited autoimmune disorder. Symptoms are silvery scaly severely itchy skin lesions. Treated by NSAIDs topical creams and UV treatment.
Ringworm
Caused by contact with causative fungus. Symptoms are flat circular lesions, treated by topical oral antifungal medications
Rosacea
Caused by dilation of small facial blood vessels unsure why it happens. Symptoms are redness and acne like eruptions on the face. Treated by topical cortisones and antibiotics.
Coronary artery disease
Causes buildup of fat and cholesterol and arteries. Risk factors is high fat diet LDL levels smoking obesity and sedentary lifestyle, symptoms are not apparent. Treatment is lipid lowering medication low-fat diet exercise smoking cessation and coronary artery bypass
Lymphedema
Parasitic infection, surgical removal of lymph nodes. Symptoms are persistent tissue swelling. Treatment is compression stockings lymphedema pump and surgery.
Angina
Coronary artery narrowing or atherosclerosis, symptoms are pain and chest tightness. Treatment is sublingual nitroglycerin
Dermatitis
inflammation of skin resulting in rash and pruritus. Cause by contacts with irritants
Eczema
chronic dermatitis with vesicular eruptions developing into itchy, red, scaly rash. Cause is unknown, possibly allergy or inflammatory conditions
Pediculosis
parasitic lice infestation.
Osteoarthritis
joint stiffness and pain, fluid surrounding the joint, grating sound with joint movement. Cause by inflammation, and metabolic disorders
Rheumatoid arthritis
destruction of the joint capsule causing scar tissue to form visible joint deformity, lose of joint mobility. Its cause by autoimmune
Bursitis
joint pain and swelling. cause by overuse, joint trauma, and material infection
