Dietary Nutrients, Minerals, Vitamins Flashcards
Organic
obtained from living things; not made with artificial chemicals
Inorganic
Made from or containing material that does not come from living things
Thermoregulation
the control or maintenance of body temperature
Cholesterol
an essential substance in the body that can increase adversely with ongoing fat intake and block blood flow through blood vessels, causing impairments in heart, blood vessel, and brain function
Basal metabolism
the amount of energy necessary for maintaining life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time
BMI < 18.5
underweight
BMI = 18.5 - 24.9
healthy weight
BMI = 25.0 - 29.9
overweight
BMI => 30.0
obese
What is the formula to calculate BMI
BMI = Mass/height^2 = kg/m^2
Hyponatremia
A low level of sodium in the blood
Define Proteins & List 3 kinds of Amino acids
large, complex molecules the body makes from amino acids, which are the natural compounds that plants and animal foods contain.
Essential amino acids = ones the body cannot produce
Nonessential amino acids = the body can make from essential amino acids or as proteins break down
Conditional amino acids = not usually essential but might become essential when the body is undergoing stress or illness
Carbohydrates
organic compounds that combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen into sugar molecules and come primarily from plant sources.
Fats & different kinds of fat
fats or lipids are a highly concentrated source of energy the body can use as backup for available glucose. Like carbohydrates, they are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but the arrangement is different.
Unsaturated fatty acid = less dense and heavy. Basic oils, have less potential for raising cholesterol level than saturated fat
Trans Fat = fatty acid use to preserve processed food products. It raises LDL (bad cholesterol)
Saturated Fats = solid at room temperature. Primarily from meat products as well as palm and coconut oil
Fiber
complex carbohydrate that humans cannot digest
Vitamins
Organic substance the body needs for various cellular functions. Each vitamin has a specific role. With the exception of vitamins D, A and B3, the body cannot make them or cannot make enough of them, so they need to be apart of dietary intake to promote health and avoid deficiencies.
Vitamin A (retinol)
Functions: night version, cell growth and maintenance, health of skin and mucous membranes
B1 (thiamine)
functions: carbohydrates metabolism heart, nerve, and muscle function
B2 (riboflavin)
Functions: fat and protein metabolism
B3 (niacin)
Functions: carbohydrate and fat metabolism
B6 ( pyridoxin)
Functions: enzyme assistance and fat metabolism
B12 (cobalamins)
Functions: protein and fat metabolism, nerve-cell maintenance, cell development
Biotin
Functions: carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
C (ascorbic acid)
Functions: immunity, iron absorption, structure of bone, muscles, and blood vessels
