Dietary Nutrients, Minerals, Vitamins

Question 1

Organic

Answer 1

obtained from living things; not made with artificial chemicals

Question 2

Inorganic

Answer 2

Made from or containing material that does not come from living things

Question 3

Thermoregulation

Answer 3

the control or maintenance of body temperature

Question 4

Cholesterol

Answer 4

an essential substance in the body that can increase adversely with ongoing fat intake and block blood flow through blood vessels, causing impairments in heart, blood vessel, and brain function

Question 5

Basal metabolism

Answer 5

the amount of energy necessary for maintaining life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time

Question 6

BMI < 18.5

Answer 6

underweight

Question 7

BMI = 18.5 - 24.9

Answer 7

healthy weight

Question 8

BMI = 25.0 - 29.9

Answer 8

overweight

Question 9

BMI => 30.0

Answer 9

obese

Question 10

What is the formula to calculate BMI

Answer 10

BMI = Mass/height^2 = kg/m^2

Question 11

Hyponatremia

Answer 11

A low level of sodium in the blood

Question 12

Define Proteins & List 3 kinds of Amino acids

Answer 12

large, complex molecules the body makes from amino acids, which are the natural compounds that plants and animal foods contain.

Essential amino acids = ones the body cannot produce

Nonessential amino acids = the body can make from essential amino acids or as proteins break down

Conditional amino acids = not usually essential but might become essential when the body is undergoing stress or illness

Question 13

Carbohydrates

Answer 13

organic compounds that combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen into sugar molecules and come primarily from plant sources.

Question 14

Fats & different kinds of fat

Answer 14

fats or lipids are a highly concentrated source of energy the body can use as backup for available glucose. Like carbohydrates, they are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but the arrangement is different.

Unsaturated fatty acid = less dense and heavy. Basic oils, have less potential for raising cholesterol level than saturated fat

Trans Fat = fatty acid use to preserve processed food products. It raises LDL (bad cholesterol)

Saturated Fats = solid at room temperature. Primarily from meat products as well as palm and coconut oil

Question 15

Fiber

Answer 15

complex carbohydrate that humans cannot digest

Question 16

Vitamins

Answer 16

Organic substance the body needs for various cellular functions. Each vitamin has a specific role. With the exception of vitamins D, A and B3, the body cannot make them or cannot make enough of them, so they need to be apart of dietary intake to promote health and avoid deficiencies.

Question 17

Vitamin A (retinol)

Answer 17

Functions: night version, cell growth and maintenance, health of skin and mucous membranes

Question 18

B1 (thiamine)

Answer 18

functions: carbohydrates metabolism heart, nerve, and muscle function

Question 19

B2 (riboflavin)

Answer 19

Functions: fat and protein metabolism

Question 20

B3 (niacin)

Answer 20

Functions: carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Question 21

B6 ( pyridoxin)

Answer 21

Functions: enzyme assistance and fat metabolism

Question 22

B12 (cobalamins)

Answer 22

Functions: protein and fat metabolism, nerve-cell maintenance, cell development

Question 23

Biotin

Answer 23

Functions: carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism

Question 24

C (ascorbic acid)

Answer 24

Functions: immunity, iron absorption, structure of bone, muscles, and blood vessels

Question 25

D (calciferol)

Answer 25

Functions: calcium absorption, bone and tooth structure, support of heart and nerve functions

Question 26

E

Answer 26

Functions ; protection of cells from destruction, formation of blood cell

Question 27

Folate

Answer 27

Functions: maintenance of red blood cells, genetic material development

Question 28

k

Answer 28

Functions: normal blood clotting, bone growth

Question 29

Pantothenic acid

Answer 29

Functions: release of energy from carbs, and fat

Question 30

Minerals

Answer 30

inorganic substances the body needs in small quantities for building and maintaining body structures. Essential for life because they contribute to many crucial life functions, like those of the musculoskeletal, neurological, and hematological systems

Question 31

Calcium

Answer 31

Functions: bone and tooth development, nerve and muscle function, normal blood clotting

Question 32

Magnesium

Answer 32

Functions: carbs and protein metabolism, muscle contraction and structure

Question 33

Phosphorus

Answer 33

Functions: formation and maintenance of bones and teeth, energy production

Question 34

Potassium

Answer 34

Functions: muscles contraction, fluid balance, nerve, muscles and heart functions

Question 35

Sodium

Answer 35

Functions: fluid balance, glucose transport, acid-base balance, muscles and nerve functions