Body structures and Organ Systems

Question 1

What organ produces vitamin D, provides protection, and helps regulate body temperature?

Answer 1

Skin/Integumentary system.

Question 2

What organ performs filtering, metabolism, storage, and synthesis and is the major organ of the digestive system?

Answer 2

Liver

Question 3

Define Caudal

Answer 3

describes locations toward the tail of the patient’s body.

Question 4

Define cephalic

Answer 4

describes locations pertaining to the patient’s head.

Question 5

Define medial

Answer 5

describes locations that are toward the middle of the body.

Question 6

What function does the stomach have? And where is it located?

Answer 6

Produce secretions and digest proteins. Located on LUQ or abdominal cavity.

Question 7

What function does the small intestine have?

Answer 7

primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients, which is the final process of digestion.

Question 8

What function does the bile duct have?

Answer 8

deliver bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum

Question 9

What function does the esophagus have?

Answer 9

primarily a passageway for food with a mucus lining that eases the passage of food.

Question 10

What body system experiences a decrease in activity caused by the sympathetic branch of the nervous system during “flight or flight” response?

Answer 10

Digestive system. The digestive system experiences a decrease in peristalsis during a “fight-or-flight” response. The movement of food is slowed down as it passes through the digestive system, preventing vomiting or defecation as a response to fear or trauma. The system will remain in this state until the individual feels safe.

Question 11

What body system provides the framework to protect the body from pathogenic organisms and maintain fluid balance?

Answer 11

Lymphatic system. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to defend the body against foreign cells and diseases, provide immunity, and maintain fluid balance.

Question 12

What is the primary function for the GI system?

Answer 12

break down food into small molecules that can be absorbed by the cells of the body.

Question 13

Primary function for the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 13

provide support, posture, and heat production.

Question 14

What system works with the respiratory system to remove waste from the body’s cells?

Answer 14

Cardiovascular system.

Question 15

What gland is part of the immune system and endocrine system?

Answer 15

Thymus.

Question 16

The skeletal system contains what?

Answer 16

Axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, ligament.

Question 17

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 17

80 bones including the skull vertebrae and ribs.

Question 18

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 18

Has 126 bones including arms legs and pelvic girdle.

Question 19

What is a ligament?

Answer 19

Attaches bone to bone for joint stability

Question 20

What are long bones?

Answer 20

Examples are femur, humorous, tibia, fibula, ulna, radius. They are covered in articular cartilage to allow joint movement without causing friction. Contain yellow bone marrow

Question 21

Define short bones.

Answer 21

Found in the wrist and ankles typically small and round. Examples are carpals and tarsals

Question 22

What are flat bones?

Answer 22

Majority of surface area is flat or slightly curved. School and ribs are an example.

Question 23

What are irregular bones?

Answer 23

Unusual shape that is typically related to their function. Vertebrae and pelvis are examples.

Question 24

What are sesamoid bones

Answer 24

Small round bones found in joints that are held in place by tendons. Patella is an example.

Question 25

What are the three different types of muscle tissue?

Answer 25

Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle smooth muscle

Question 26

What is skeletal muscle responsible for?

Answer 26

Responsible for body movement and is also called voluntary muscle or striated muscle.

Question 27

What is smooth muscle found in?

Answer 27

Found within in the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels and the iris of the eye. Also called involuntary muscle

Question 28

Define tendon

Answer 28

And a skeletal muscles that attach the muscle to a bone

Question 29

What is all included in the lymphatic system?

Answer 29

Lymph nodes, lymph nodules, thymus, spleen, interstitial fluid.

Question 30

What are lymph nodes

Answer 30

Small glandular structures concentrated in the neck excellent and groin which produce in store lymphocytes and are home to macrophages that filter lymph

Question 31

What are lymph nodules

Answer 31

Masses of lymphoid tissue compromise of macrophages and lymphocytes. Lymph nodules are not encapsulated like lymph nodes

Question 32

What is a thymus

Answer 32

Located posterior to the sternum. Responsible for the production and maturation of t cells.

Question 33

What is the role of a spleen

Answer 33

It is the largest lymphoid oregon, in the upper left abdominal quadrant. Home to the macrophages that filter the blood.

Question 34

What is interstitial fluid

Answer 34

Fluid from tissues found between cells one’s collected and filtered it’s called lymph.

Question 35

Define immunoglobulins

Answer 35

Their antibodies.

Question 36

Define antibody

Answer 36

Protein the body creates and response to specific antigens

Question 37

What are b cells?

Answer 37

Type of lymphocyte that can recognize antigens and respond by turning into plasma cells these plasma cells then create antibodies against specific antigens

Question 38

What are T cells

Answer 38

Type of lymphocyte that can recognize antigens and attaches to them to attack the invading cells directly

Question 39

What are monocytes

Answer 39

Then golf and destroy pathogens that have been coagulated with antibodies.

Question 40

What is an artery?

Answer 40

Thick walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They propel blood with each contraction of the heart and are associated with various pulse points on the body smaller branches are arterials.

Question 41

What is vein?

Answer 41

Vessels that carry blood toward the heart. There are thinner walled and arteries and contain valves to prevent backflow. Smaller branches are venules.

Question 42

What is a capillary?

Answer 42

The smallest blood vessels which connect arterials to venules they aid in exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and body cells.

Question 43

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 43

Responsible for removing waste from the blood and producing urine.

Question 44

What function does the liver have and where is it located?

Answer 44

Located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Produces bile needed to break down fats.

Question 45

What is the function of the gallbladder and where is it located?

Answer 45

Located inferior to the liver. Stores bile and connects to duodenum.

Question 46

What is the function of the pancreas and where is it located.

Answer 46

Posterior to the stomach and connects to the duodenum produces enzymes that aid with digestion.

Question 47

What makes up the nervous system?

Answer 47

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is broken up into the somatic nervous system and the automatic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls the body’s voluntary or skeletal muscles. The automatic nervous system controls the body’s automatic functions like breathing and digestion

Question 48

What are the organs of the endocrine system?

Answer 48

Adrenal glands, hypothalamus, ovaries, pancreas, parathyroid gland, pineal gland, pituitary gland, testes, thymus, thyroid gland

Question 49

What hormones do the adrenal glands produce? And what are their functions?

Answer 49

Cortex (regulates electrolytes), cortisol (regulates carbs) epinephrine, (flight or fight response) norepinephrine (vasoconstriction).

Question 50

What hormones does the hypothalamus produce?

Answer 50

Produces antidiaretic hormone (stimulates reabsorption of water and kidneys) and oxytocin (stimulates uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk).

Question 51

What hormones do the ovaries produce and what other functions?

Answer 51

Estrogen (development of secondary sex characteristics in females and regulates menses) and progesterone (prepares the body for pregnancy).

Question 52

What hormones do the pancreas produce and what are their functions?

Answer 52

Alpha cells or glucagon (increases blood sugar), and beta cells or insulin. (Decreases blood sugar)

Question 53

What hormones do the parathyroid gland produce and what is the function

Answer 53

Parathyroid hormone which regulates calcium.

Question 54

What is what hormone does the pineal gland produce and what is its function.

Answer 54

Melatonin and a regulates onset of puberty and biological clock..

Question 55

What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland release and what are its functions?

Answer 55

Growth hormone (stimulates body growth), melanocyte stimulating hormone (stimulate skin pigment) adrenocorticotropic hormone,(regulates adrenal cortex) thyroid stimulating hormone (regulates thyroid gland)follicle stimulating hormone(simulates growth of OVA and sperm), luteinizing hormone( stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males), prolactin. (stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males)

Question 56

What hormone does the thymus produce and what is its function?

Answer 56

Thymosing and it helps with the development of cells and the immune system.

Question 57

Anatomy of the heart

Answer 57

Question 58

What is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 58

The urinary system is primarily responsible for filtering blood in order to remove waste products.

Question 59

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 59

The nervous system controls all other body system and is divided into two main sections; central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 60

What are the functions of the Endocrine system?

Answer 60

It is made up of organs and glands that produce, store, and release hormones. Hormones are chemicals used by the body to increase or decrease activity of the hormone’s specific target cells. This aid the body in maintaining homeostasis

Question 61

Homeostasis

Answer 61

homeostasis is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems. It is achieved when the body’s systems and biological processes maintain stability. The nervous system and endocrine system are primarily responsible for achieving and maintaining homeostasis, but all body systems play a role.