Pathomorph. II - respiratory system Flashcards
define amyloidosis
is a rare disease characterized by a buildup of abnormal amyloid deposits in the body. Amyloid deposits can build up in the heart, brain, kidneys, spleen and other parts of the body. A person may have amyloidosis in one organ or several.
The cause of amyloidosis is usually a plasma cell dyscrasia, an acquired abnormality of the plasma cell in the bone marrow with production of an abnormal light chain protein (part of an antibody).
what is cytomegalovirus
Cytomegaloviruses are agents that infect a variety of animals.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales. Humans and other primates serve as natural hosts, other animals as intermediates.
catarrhal rhinitis
Catarrh is usually caused by the immune system reacting to an infection or irritation, which causes the lining of your nose and throat to become swollen and produce mucus.
Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip.
define enzootic
(of a disease) regularly affecting animals in a particular district or at a particular season.
what is IBR
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a disease characterized by acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.
IBR is caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1).
define atelectasis
is a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung. It occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid.
define bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is dilation and destruction of larger bronchi caused by chronic infection and inflammation.
Common symptoms are chronic cough with purulent sputum with or without dyspnea.
What is lung melanosis?
The blackening of the lung tissue, especially, in coal pneumoconiosis.
define pneumoconiosis
is any lung disease caused by the inhalation of organic or nonorganic airborne dust and fibers.
lung infarcts are always
hemorrhagic
Pulmonary infarction results from occlusion of the distal pulmonary arteries leading to ischemia, hemorrhage and ultimately necrosis of the lung parenchyma.
Thrombocytopenic purpura
characterized by a low platelet count and accompanied by a red-purple rash called purpura.
Passive hyperemia (congestion), also termed
stasis, is a consequence of an impaired venous drainage (heart failure, compression or obstruction of veins), followed by dilatation of venules and capillaries.
Active hyperemia (congestion) is a result of
arteriolar distension (e.g., skeletal muscle activity, inflammation, local neuro-vegetative reaction).
Lung inflammations may be classified in two groups:
Exudative pneumonias & broncho-pneumonias.
and
Interstitial pneumonias.
Describe Exudative pneumonias & broncho-pneumonias:
inflammatory lesions in which exudation and granulocytic diapedesis are predominant.
At microscopic examination, they share the filling of alveolar cavities or/& airways by inflammatory exudate.
Describe Interstitial pneumonias:
inflammatory lesions mainly develop in interstitial interalveolar spaces; after a brief phase of exudative reactions takes place, a cellular reactive phase takes place in which mononuclear cells are mainly collected in interstitial spaces; alveolar cavities mostly remain free.
Exudative pneumonias & broncho-pneumonias.
Distinction of these two is sometimes difficult but is based on
pathologic and clinic patterns:
Pneumonias are immediately massive and diffuse with quick extension to one or several lung lobes (sometimes
called “lobar pneumonias”); they’re also characterised by a relative lesional uniformity (all territories are at the same
stage of inflammatory lesion).
Broncho-pneumonia evolution is result of confluence of multiple circumscribed lobular or sub-lobular focuses (sometimes called “lobular pneumonias”); they clearly appear heterogeneous at macroscopic examination as well as at
microscopic.
Increase & confluence of BP focuses may result in lobar or multilobar extension) of lesions.
Swine: Mycoplasmic pneumonia
Mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs is a respiratory disease that is caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia in pigs worldwide. It also frequently leads to subclinical infection that causes lung lesions that can be detected post-mortem. Clinical signs, if present, are often a dry cough and reduced growth.
Visna-maedi virus
also known as ovine lentivirus
is a retrovirus that causes encephalitis and chronic pneumonitis in sheep.
It is known as visna when found in the brain, and maedi when infecting the lungs. Lifelong, persistent infections in sheep
define water imbibition
Imbibition is a special type of diffusion when water is absorbed by solids-colloids-causing them to enormously increase in volume.
The classical examples of imbibition are absorption of water by seeds and dry wood.
Miliary tuberculosis is
is a form of tuberculosis that is characterized by a wide dissemination into the human body and by the tiny size of the lesions (1–5 mm).
Its name comes from a distinctive pattern seen on a chest radiograph of many tiny spots distributed throughout the lung fields with the appearance similar to millet seeds—thus the term “miliary” tuberculosis.
toxoplasma gondii
is a parasitic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis.
Found worldwide, T. gondii is capable of infecting virtually all warm-blooded animals, but felids are the only known definitive hosts in which the parasite may undergo sexual reproduction.
Tissue cysts can be maintained in host tissue for the lifetime of the animal.
Verminous bronchitis
Parasitic bronchitis, also known as hoose, husk, or verminous bronchitis, is a disease of sheep, cattle, goats, and swine caused by the presence of various species of parasite, commonly known as lungworms, in the bronchial tubes or in the lungs.
It is marked by cough, dyspnea, anorexia and constipation.
distomatosis
A group of parasitoses caused by flat worms that live in contact with epitheliums.
Clinical classification depends on the organ infected by the adult parasite: liver, lungs, or intestines.
lung adenomatosis
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as ovine pulmonary adenomatosis and jaagsiekte, is a contagious tumour of sheep and, rarely, of goats.
It is a progressive respiratory disease, principally affecting adult animals.
