Pathomorph. II digestive system pathology

Question 1

arthrogryposis

Answer 1

describes congenital joint contracture in two or more areas of the body.

Question 2

SAP syndrome

Answer 2

The Syndrome of Arthrogryposis and Palatoschisis (cleft palate)

Arthrogryposis describes congenital joint contracture in two or more areas of the body.

Question 3

medical term for cleft palate

Answer 3

Palatoschisis

Question 4

hemorrhagic diatheses

Answer 4

an unusual susceptibility to bleed

Question 5

define aphtha

Answer 5

a small ulcer occurring in groups in the mouth or on the tongue.

can be viral causation

Question 6

another term for tongue inflammation

Answer 6

glossitis

Question 7

term for accumulations of hair casts in the GI tract

Answer 7

trichobezoar

Question 8

concretions of indigested fruit and vegetables fibers in the gastrointestinal tract are termed

Answer 8

phytobezoar

Question 9

Leiomyomas, also known as

Answer 9

fibroids, are a group of benign smooth muscle tumors

Question 10

define atresia coli

Answer 10

Atresia coli is a congenital abnormality in cattle that is lethal without surgical correction.

“Atresia” refers to a body orifice that is abnormally small or completely closed. Atresia coli is where a section of the colon is missing.

Question 11

describe a bowel invagination

Answer 11

Intussusception of the bowel is defined as the telescoping of a proximal segment of the gastrointestinal tract within the lumen of the adjacent segment.

a condition in which part of the intestine folds into the section next to it.

Question 12

define trichuriasis

Answer 12

also known as Whipworm Infection

Question 13

Primary tympany is also known as

Answer 13

legume bloat, dietary bloat, or frothy bloat.

Question 14

The most reliable postmortem indicator of antemortem bloat is the

Answer 14

sharp line of demarcation most evident in the mucosa between the pale, bloodless esophagus distal to the thoracic inlet and the congested proximal esophagus cranially to it.

This line may sometimes form even after death before the blood clots. This division is known as a bloat line.

Question 15

Secondary tympany is caused by

Answer 15

a physical or functional obstruction or stenosis of the esophagus resulting in failure to eructate.

neoplasm, foreign body, enlarged lymphadenopathic lymph nodes etc.

Question 16

define portocaval shunt

Answer 16

A portacaval shunt is a treatment for portal hypertension. A connection (a shunt) is made between the portal vein, which supplies 75% of the liver’s blood, and the inferior vena cava, the vein that drains blood from the lower two-thirds of the body.

Question 17

another word for steatosis

Answer 17

lipidosis

Question 18

Answer 18

perilobular lipidosis

Question 19

Answer 19

hepatic melanosis

Question 20

Answer 20

Cholestasis (dog)

Question 21

stages of liver degeneration in chronic passive liver congestion (cardiac liver)

Answer 21

stage I centrilobular passive congestion

stage II centro- & mediolobular congestion

stage III changes in lobules, extension of areas of stasis, “interverted lobule”

stage IV centrolobular stasis, mediolobular fibrosis, “cardiac cirrhosis”

Question 22

define Peliosis hepatis

Answer 22

is an uncommon vascular condition characterised by multiple, randomly distributed, blood-filled cavities throughout the liver.

Question 23

define Telangiectasia

Answer 23

also known as spider veins, small dilated blood vessels near the surface of ksin or mucous membranes

Question 24

name 4 forms of hepatocytic degeneration

Answer 24

vacuolar
ballooning
granular
fatty

Question 25

hepatocytic ballooning degeneration

Answer 25

Ballooning degeneration/change: swelling and rounding up of hepatocytes as seen in steatohepatitis and viral hepatitis.

Question 26

Answer 26

hepatocytic ballooing degeneration

Question 27

hepatic vacuolar degeneration

Answer 27

Small spaces or holes known as vacuoles develop inside the cytoplasm (i.e. jelly-like liquid inside cells). Vacuoles can form from cellular damage or other insults.

Question 28

Answer 28

hepatic vacuolar degeneration

Question 29

Answer 29

hepatic fatty degeneration

Question 30

define hepatic dystrophy

Answer 30

another way to say hepatic degneration

Question 31

hepatitis classification

Answer 31

1. parenchymatous hepatitis
2. interstitial hepatitis
3. specific hepatitis

Question 32

1. parenchymatous hepatitis can be either

Answer 32

degenerative or necrotising

Question 33

2. interstitial hepatitis can be (3)

Answer 33

acute, subacute, chronic

Question 34

acute and subacute interstitial hepatitis can be either

Answer 34

non suppurative (diffuse, or circumscribed)

or suppurative (abscess)

Question 35

what is Rubarth’s disease

Answer 35

Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH), formerly known as Rubarth’s disease, is an acute (severe but of short duration) liver infection in dogs caused by the virus canine adenovirus Type 1 (CAV-1) and is also seen in foxes in Europe, although other carnivores may become infected without developing clinical illness.

Question 36

Tyzzer Disease in Animals

Answer 36

Tyzzer disease is caused by Clostridium piliforme. The disease affects a variety of animals, including mammals and birds.

It is characterized by a triad of lesions that include colitis, hepatitis, and myocarditis, although the three are usually not present together in a single animal.

Treatment is supportive and nonspecific, with a low success rate.

Question 37

Disse’s space

Answer 37

The Disse space lies between hepatocytes and the sinusoids and is also referred to as the perisinusoidal space.

Question 38

Pylephlebitis

Answer 38

defined as septic thrombophlebitis of the portal veins, is a rare but deleterious complication of an intra-abdominal or pelvic infection of any etiology.

Question 39

Omphalophlebitis is an inflammation and/or infection of the umbilical vein.

Answer 39

Omphalophlebitis is an inflammation and/or infection of the umbilical vein.

Question 40

Answer 40

Fibrotic chronic hepatitis, post necrotic (result of healing) - horse

Question 41

hepatic cirrhosis patterns 1.-4.

Answer 41

Question 42

What is Dicrocoeliasis?

Answer 42

Dicrocoeliasis is a rare zoonotic disease caused by liver flukes in the genus Dicrocoelium.

Question 43

cysticercosis

Answer 43

Cysticercosis is a parasitic tissue infection caused by larval cysts of the tapeworm Taenia solium. These larval cysts infect brain, muscle, or other tissues.

Question 44

hepatoma

Answer 44

Hepatocellular carcinoma is also called hepatoma or HCC. It’s the most common type of primary liver cancer.

however ther can be benign hepatomas too

Question 45

Pancreas hypoplasia in dogs:

Answer 45

Pancreatic atrophy induces pancreatic insufficiency,
causes fat digestive disturbances with steatorrhea

Question 46

Inflammation of the rumen, rumenitis, is generally considered synonymous with

Answer 46

lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis is synonymous with grain overload, rumen overload, carbohydrate engorgement, and chemical rumenitis.

The pathophysiology of lactic acidosis usually involves a sudden dietary change to an easily fermentable feed or a change in the feed volume consumed.

The latter scenario is most likely to occur during weather changes, especially among feedlot cattle, when a sudden cooling rainstorm will stimulate food intake of cattle that had previously lost appetite because of high environmental temperatures and humidity.