Pathology: Soft Tissue Tumours Flashcards
lipoma
benign tumour in fat
leiomyoma
benign tumour in smooth muscle
rhandomyoma
benign tumour in skeletal muscle
most common tumour
leiomyoma - occurs as fibroid in the uterus
what is the most common benign tumour in orthopaedic practice
lipoma - can occur in subcutaenous fat or muscle
what is a giant cell tumour of tendon sheath (benign)
small firm swelling usually found on the flexor tendon sheath of finger
can erode bone if large enough
giant cell tumour of tendon sheath macroscopically
pigmented lesion
giant cell tumour of tendon sheath histologically
contain multinucleated giant cells and haemosiderin
treatment of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath
excised, high rate of recurrence
what is a giant tumour cell known as when in a synovial joint
pigmented villonodular synovitis
what is a malignant connective tissue tumour known as
sarcoma
angiosarcoma
malignant tumour from blood vessels
how do angiosarcomas occur
in older age groups
most commonly as a complication of previous radiotherapy - breast involvement
what is a very poorly differentiated fibrosarcoma refered to as
pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma
where do liposarcomas arise
deep fatty tissues most often in the abdomen, never in the subcutaenous fat
what are liposarcomas a rare cause of in the scotrum
scrotal swelling - testes descend embryologically from the abdomen - therefore fat in the testes has an origin from the retroperitoneum where tumours are common
where are synovial sarcomas most common
around the knee joint
how do synovial sarcomas present on X ray
calcification
what can synovial sarcomas be described as
bi phasic
contain both sarcomatous and epithelial elements
what recurrent translocation are synovial sarcomas associated with
tX;18
what age do sarcomas commonly present in
50 to 70
define cyst
lined by epithelium
where do ganglion cysts occur
around synovial joint or a synovial tendon sheath
what may cause a ganglion cyst
herniation or out pouching of a weak portion of joint capsule or tendon sheath
weakness can be developmental or as a result of underlying joint damage/arthritis with buildup of pressure in the joint
treatment of ganglion cyst
excision may be required for discomfort or cosmesis
what is a bursa
sac of synovial fluid around a joint
often numerous bursae around joints and bony prominences
bursitis
inflamed bursae due to repeated trauma/pressure
bursal abscess
bacterial infection of a bursa
what may gout cause
bursitis
prognosis of bursitis
recurrence may occur and excision may be required but problems can occur with scarring
what are sebaceous cysts also known as
epidermal inclusion cysts
formed out of sebaceous glands
CF of sebaceous cysts
painless but can cause irritation when caught by clothing
what are sebaceous cysts lined by
squamous epithelium that produces abundant keratin
what do sebaceous cysts produce when ruptured
a cheesy substance that consists of degenerate keratin
what is an abscess
collection of neutrophils, infective and cellular debris +/- infective organism
treatment of abscess
large ones are not penetrated by blood vessels therefore antibiotics will not be useful and they require incision and drainage
pseudotumour
mimic neoplasms but are in fact reactive/inflammatory lesions
what unusual reaction to injury do pseudotumours express
myositis ossificans - formation of bone tissue inside muscle tissue after traumatic injury
nodular fascitis - rapid growth of lesions after trauma
what do pseudotumour lesions mimic histologically
malignancy - can be misdiagnosed
