Connective Tissue Diseases: Sjogren's Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

sjogrens syndrome

A
  • chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by lymphoctic infiltrates in exocrine organs
  • typically causes diminshed lacrimal and salivary gland function resulting in dry eyes and dry mouth
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2
Q

primary or secondary

A
  • either
  • often 2y to autoimmune conditions eg RA and SLE
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3
Q

who is it most common in

A

women in 50s and 60s

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4
Q

primary clinical features

A

caused by lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrimal and salivary glands resulting in dry eyes (keratconjuncitivits sicca) and mouth (xerostomia), also dry throat

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5
Q

clinical features

A
  • fatigue
  • vaginal dryness
  • bilateral parotid gland enlargement
  • joint pains
  • Raynauds
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6
Q

what is seen in the mouth

A

increase in dental caries and gum inflammation

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7
Q

what is seen in the joints

A

arthralgia - pain

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8
Q

what is seen in the kidney

A
  • chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis is the most common renal manifestation
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9
Q

what is there an inc risk of

A

lymphoma

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10
Q

what else may occur

A

peripheral neuropathy and ILD

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11
Q

diagnosis

A
  • confirmation of occular dryness - Schirmers test
  • positive anti Ro and La antibodies
  • typical features on a lip gland biopsy
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12
Q

schirmer’s test

A
  • Filter paper is placed near conjunctival sac to measure tear formation
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13
Q

management

A

largely symptomatic:

  • lubricating eye drops and tear supplements
  • saliva replacement
  • regular dental care due to high risk of caries
  • pilocarpine may stimulate saliva production
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14
Q

what eye drops can be used

A

Hypromellose - artificial tears

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15
Q

what can help with the systemic symptoms (and what are they)

A

arthralgia and fatigue

hydroxychloroquine

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16
Q

when would IS treatment be used

A

only in context of organ involvement

eg ILD

17
Q

which antibododies are more commonly found

A

Ro>La

18
Q

what cardiovascular risk if there with anti Ro and La antibodies

A

increased risk of congenital heart block