Connective Tissue Diseases: Sjogren's Syndrome Flashcards
1
Q
sjogrens syndrome
A
- chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by lymphoctic infiltrates in exocrine organs
- typically causes diminshed lacrimal and salivary gland function resulting in dry eyes and dry mouth
2
Q
primary or secondary
A
- either
- often 2y to autoimmune conditions eg RA and SLE
3
Q
who is it most common in
A
women in 50s and 60s
4
Q
primary clinical features
A
caused by lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrimal and salivary glands resulting in dry eyes (keratconjuncitivits sicca) and mouth (xerostomia), also dry throat
5
Q
clinical features
A
- fatigue
- vaginal dryness
- bilateral parotid gland enlargement
- joint pains
- Raynauds
6
Q
what is seen in the mouth
A
increase in dental caries and gum inflammation
7
Q
what is seen in the joints
A
arthralgia - pain
8
Q
what is seen in the kidney
A
- chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis is the most common renal manifestation
9
Q
what is there an inc risk of
A
lymphoma
10
Q
what else may occur
A
peripheral neuropathy and ILD
11
Q
diagnosis
A
- confirmation of occular dryness - Schirmers test
- positive anti Ro and La antibodies
- typical features on a lip gland biopsy
12
Q
schirmer’s test
A
- Filter paper is placed near conjunctival sac to measure tear formation
13
Q
management
A
largely symptomatic:
- lubricating eye drops and tear supplements
- saliva replacement
- regular dental care due to high risk of caries
- pilocarpine may stimulate saliva production
14
Q
what eye drops can be used
A
Hypromellose - artificial tears
15
Q
what can help with the systemic symptoms (and what are they)
A
arthralgia and fatigue
hydroxychloroquine
