Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

E - GI > Pathology of Hepato-Biliary > Flashcards

Pathology of Hepato-Biliary Flashcards

1
Q

Why do viruses lead to inflammation of the liver

A

Viruses target the hepatocytes causing inflammation and cell damage.

If severe, many cells die leading to liver failure due to function being unable to be maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the liver respond to excess alcohol

A

Alcohol disrupts FA metabolism leading to fat accumulation in the liver

Recurrent alcohol hepatitis progresses to cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is jaundice caused by

A

Excess circulating bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pre-hep cause of jaundice

A

Haemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hep causes of jaundice

A

Cholestasis

Intra-hepatic bile duct obstruction

  • Primary biliary cholangitis
  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • Liver tumours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cholestasis

A

Accumulation of bile within hepatocytes or bile canaliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Causes of cholestasis

A

Viral hep
Alcoholic hep
Liver failure
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is PBC

A

Autoimmune condition where bile ducts become damaged by GRANULOMATOUS inflammation

Makes it more difficult for bile to be secreted

Progresses to cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnosis of PBC

A

Anti-mitochondrial auto-antibodies

Raised ALP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Chronic inflammation and fibrous obliteration of bile ducts

NO GRANULOMAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Post hep causes of jaundice

A

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Cholecystitis
Common bile duct obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Risk factors for cholelithiasis

A

Obesity

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can occur in prolonged and severe acute cholecystitis

A

Empyema
Perforation of gallbladder
Biliary peritonitis - leakage of bile and pus into abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to the gallbladder in chronic cholecystitis

A

Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of common bile duct obstruction

A

Gallstones
Bile duct tumours
Stricture
External compression (i.e. by tumour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Effects of common bile duct obstruction

A

Jaundice

No bile excreted into duodenum

Ascending cholangitis (infection of bile proximal to obstruction)

Secondary biliary cirrhosis if obstruction prolonged

17
Q

What is hepatic cirrhosis

A

End stage chronic liver disease

  • the response of the liver to chronic injury
18
Q

Cause of hepatic cirrhosis

A 
Alcohol 
Hep B & C
Autoimmune hep
PBC
Haemochromatosis
Wilson's disease 
Obesity - DM
19
Q

Pathology of hep cirrhosis

A

Normal liver structure is lost and replaced with nodules of hepatocytes and fibrous tissue

20
Q

Complications of cirrhosis

A

Abnormal blood flow - PHTN as blood can’t make it through portal system

Increased risk of hepatocellulr carcinoma

21
Q

Types of liver tumours

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (malignant tumour of hepatocytes)

Cholangiocarcinoma (malignant tumour of bile duct epithelium)

Metastatic tumour

E - GI (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions