Oesophageal Carcinoma Flashcards
Which type of oesophageal carcinoma is more common in the western world?
Adenocarcinoma
Presentation
Dysphagia Odynophagia Chest Pain Cough Pneumonia due to tracheoesophageal fistula Weight loss Vocal cord paralysis Haematemesis
What type of tumours form in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
large, exophytic, occluding tumours
Which location in the oesophagus are squamous cell carcinomas most common
proximal and middle thirds
Risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma
tobacco and alcohol, dietary carcinogens
Diseases associated with squamous cell carcinoma
achalasia, strictures, Plummer vinson syndrome
Presentation of Plummer Vinson syndrome
Dysphagia
Iron deficiency anaemia
Oesophageal webs
The Plummer Vincent DIGS a hole for the IRON pipe:
- Dysphagia from oesophageal webs
- Iron deficiency anaemia
- Glottitis
- Squamous cell carcinoma
IRON = treatment is iron supplements
Which location in the oesophagus is adenocarcinoma most common
distal third
Risk factors of adenocarcinoma
Obesity
Male
Middle age
Caucasian
Disease associated with adenocarcinoma
Barrett’s oesophagus
Why are metastases to the lymph nodes and liver common at presentation of oesophageal carcinoma
The oesophagus has a rich lymphatic supply in its lamina Propria in the mucosa which is closer to the lumen of the oesophagus. The rest of the GIT contains its lymphatic vessels in the submucosa
Why is local invasion common in oesophageal carcinoma
There is no peritoneal lining / serosa in the oesophagus
Common metastatic sites in oesophageal carcinoma
Brain
Lungs
Liver
Bone
Diagnosis of oesophageal carcinoma
Endoscopy and biopsy
Investigations to stage oesophageal carcinoma
CT scan
PET CT
EUS
Bone scan
