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E - GI > Lower GI Haemorrhage Presentation and Causes > Flashcards

Lower GI Haemorrhage Presentation and Causes Flashcards

1
Q

Presentation

A

Fresh blood
Clots
Magenta stools
Usually painless

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2
Q

How are urea levels different in U & L GIH

A

In lower they are normal but are elevated in upper

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3
Q

Colonic Causes of LGIH

A 
Diverticular Disease
Angiodysplasia 
Neoplasia 
Ischaemic colitis
Radiation enteritis / proctitis 
IBD
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4
Q

Small bowel causes

A

Should be considered after colonic and UGIH causes have been ruled out:

Meckel’s Diverticulum
Aortoentero Fistulation - after AAA repair
Small bowel angiodysplasia, tumour, ulceration

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5
Q

Diagnosis of LGIH

A

Simoid / Colonoscopy

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6
Q

What is diverticular disease

A

Protrusion of mucosal lining through outer muscular layer of the colon forming a pouch

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7
Q

What is the difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Diverticulosis - the presence of the pouch

Diverticulitis - inflammation of the pouch

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8
Q

What are haemorrhoids

A

Swellings containing enlarged blood vessels around the anus.

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9
Q

When may haemorrhoids be painful

A

If they are thrombosed or external

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10
Q

What are the causes of haemorrhoids

A

Straining
Constipation
Low fibre diet

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11
Q

Haemorrhoids treatment

A

Surgery

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12
Q

What are the colonic neoplasias which may cause bleeding

A

Polyps

Carcinoma

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13
Q

What is ischaemic colitis

A

Where there is disruption of blood flow to the colon

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14
Q

Presentation of Ischaemic colitis

A

Crampy abdominal pain

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15
Q

Complications of ischaemic colitis

A

Gangrene

Perforation

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16
Q

What can be seen on colonoscopy in ischaemic colitis

A

Dusky blue, swollen mucosa

17
Q

When does radiation proctitis most commonly occur

A

In patients who have received radiotherapy for colon, cervical or prostate cancer

18
Q

Treatment of radiation proctitis

A

APC
Sucralfate enema
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

19
Q

What is Meckel’s Diverticulum

A

A congenital condition, where there is a small bulge in the small intestine (2” long, 2 feet from ileocaecal valve) due to a remnant of the yolk stalk (vitelline duct)

20
Q

How is Meckel’s Diverticulum diagnosed

A

Meckel’s Scan (Nuclear Scintigraphy)

E - GI (47 decks)

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