Pathology: mechanisms of disease & acute inflammation Flashcards
what does VINDICATE stand for when talking about mechanisms of disease
V = vascular I = inflammation N = neoplasia D = drugs/toxins I = iatrogenic C = congenital A = autoimmune T = trauma E = endocrine/metabolism
what is acute inflammation
a response to any insult( i.e. infection, trauma, foreign body) involving a series of cell and vessel changes
what is vasodilation of arterioles and capillary beds mediated by in acute inflammation
histamine and nitric oxide (NO)
briefly describe the process of margination in acute inflammation
when rate of blood flow slows(vasodilation) and WBCs move to the edge of the vessels
what does endothelial contraction result in, in acute inflammation
leaking of fluid into interstitial space causing swelling
what is the role of pro inflammatory mediators in acute inflammation
increased expression of ICAM and selectin on endothelial cells, which bind glycoproteins and integrins respectively on surface of WBCs
briefly describe the process of rolling in acute inflammation
bonds between surface of WBCs and vessel walls are weak initially, allowing WBCs to move(roll) along the vessel walls
what is the role of proteoglycan chemokines in acute inflammation
they are released from site on injury, bind the endothelial cells and then increase the affinity for this binding(of endothelial + WBCs)
briefly describe the process of pavementing in acute inflammation
The WBCs stop moving and flatten against the vessel wall
briefly describe the process of migration/diapedesis in acute inflammation
WBC extends pseudopods through gaps in endothelial wall and move out of the vessel
briefly describe the process of chemotaxis
once outside the vessel WBCs follow a conc. gradient to the site of injury, established by chemokines
give some examples of chemokines
C5a from complement system, interleukins(IL), and leukotrines
what is the main WBC involved in the initial acute phase in inflammation and how does it kill cells
neutrophils(multi-lobed nucleus, granulocyte)
kills by phagocytosis, NETs and degranulation
