Immunology: adaptive response & hypersensitivity Flashcards
where do B cells mature and what is needed for them to be activated
they mature in bone marrow
for activation antigens need to be present and T helper cells need to send signals
what do B cells do once activated
they proliferate and differentiate( initially to IgM) into plasma cells
when do antibodies kill antigens
when antigens bind to the Fc region of the heavy chain of the antibodies
what is agglutination
the clumping of antigens together to enhance phagocytosis
what are some properties of IgM antibody
1st Ig produced, short-lived, pentameric shape
remember shape coz M has 5 points
what are the functions of IgM
B cell activation and complement system activation through the classical pathway
what is the function of IgD
B cell activation
what are some properties of IgG
most abundant Ig antibody, monomeric shape
what are the functions of IgG
foetal immunity(placental transfer), complement system activation, NK cell activation, oppsonisation, agglutination
what are the functions of IgA
neonatal immunity(after 6 months) and secretions
when is IgA relevant
in allergies
where do T cells mature and when are they important
mature in thymus and are important in cellular immune response
what are the different types of T cells
CD4+ Helper T cells, CD8+ Killer T cells, Memory T cells and Regulatory T cells
what is the function of CD4+ , CD8+ and Regulatory T cells
CD4+ = B cell activation and stimulate production of memory B cells CD8+ = kill infected cells via perforin/degranulation Regulatory = lymphocyte suppression
describe how antigens are presented to and recognised by T cells
antigens presented by MHC molecules and recognised the peptide antigens when presented to the TCR on T cells
(TCR = T cell receptor)
