Biochemistry: RNA, transcription & translation Flashcards
what enzyme synthesis’ RNA
RNA polymerase
what does rRNA do
combines with proteins to form ribosomes
what does tRNA do
carry amino acids to incorporate into the protein
what does mRNA do
carry genetic info., it is identical to the coding DNA and complementary to the template DNA, it moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
what happens at the start of transcription
RNA polymerase binds specific promoter(0), transcription starts at nucleotide +1
what does TATA box binding protein do
introduces kink into DNA to determine start and direction of transcription and provides further landing platform for further transcription factors and RNA polymerase
what happens to premature RNA to make it mature RNA
splicing out of introns( exons = coding, introns = non-coding)
add poly-adenosine tail
add 5’ cap
where does translation occur
cytoplasm
describe action of tRNA in translation
tRNA anticodon forms base pair with codon on mRNA
what 2 words are used to describe the genetic code, what do they mean
unambiguous and degenerate
means that multiple codons code for the same amino acid, and each codon only codes for 1 amino acid
describe the action of Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
it binds AA to corresponding tRNA, it is a covalent bond and ATP is broken down the provide the energy
what happens to the finished protein at end of translation
it is translocated, modified and degraded
what proteins do free ribosomes produce
proteins translocated post-translationally for the cytosol, nucleus and mitochondria
what proteins do bound ribosomes produce
proteins translocated co-translationally for membrane, ER, Golgi and secretion
