Biochemistry: biomolecules, reactions & carbohydrates

Question 1

Briefly describe covalent bonds

Answer 1

shared electrons

Question 2

briefly describe ionic bonds

Answer 2

opposite charges

Question 3

briefly describe hydrogen bonds

Answer 3

shared H atom

Question 4

briefly describe hydrophobic bonds

Answer 4

non-polar in presence of polar substances

Question 5

briefly describe Van der waals forces

Answer 5

between electrons of non-polar substances

Question 6

what happens in a condensation reaction

Answer 6

water removed- polymerised

Question 7

what happens in a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 7

water added

Question 8

what happens in a redox reaction

Answer 8

reduction and oxidation, transfer of electrons

Question 9

what does OILRIG stand for

Answer 9

oxidation is loss reduction is gain ( of electrons)

Question 10

what is electronegativity and what does it define

Answer 10

attractive force of atomic nucleus on electrons within the bond, it defines reactivity and oxidation state

Question 11

what does it mean when a molecule is polar

Answer 11

unequal share of electrons in a bond, forms a dipole

Question 12

give an example of a mono-, di- and poly-saccharide

Answer 12

mono( glucose), di( fructose/lactose), poly( cellulose/glycogen)

Question 13

in what reactions are glycosidic bonds formed and broken down

Answer 13

formed by condensation, breakdown by hydrolysis

Question 14

what are glycosidic bonds

Answer 14

bonds that from between monosaccharides to form disaccharides

Question 15

what are all sugars ultimately broken down too

Answer 15

monosaccharides