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Pathology Ch 18 - Liver and Biliary Tract > Pathology Ch 28 The CNS > Flashcards

Pathology Ch 28 The CNS Flashcards

1
Q

The most important histopathological indicator of CNS injury, regardless of etiology

A

Gliosis(TOPNOTCH)

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2
Q

Lafora bodies

A

Myoclonic Epilepsy(TOPNOTCH)

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3
Q

Gross morphology: gyri are flattened, intervening sulci are narrowed, and the ventricular cavities are compressed

A

Generalized cerebral edema(TOPNOTCH)

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4
Q

A syndrome of sudden, deep intracerebral hemorrhage that follows even minor head trauma by an interval of 1-2 weeks

A

Spat-apoplexie (Delayed post traumatic haemorrhage) (TOPNOTCH)

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5
Q

Subdural hematomas most often become manifest approximately how many hours after the injury?

A

48 hours(TOPNOTCH)

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6
Q

The most widely accepted explanation for diffuse axonal injury

A

mechanical forces damage the integrity of the axon at the node of Ranvier, with subsequent alterations in axoplasmic flow(TOPNOTCH)

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7
Q

Morphology: wide asymmetric distribution of axonal swellings that appear within hours of the injury and are best demonstrated with silver impregnation techniques or with immunoperoxidase stains for AB protein

A

Diffuse axonal injury(TOPNOTCH)

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8
Q

How long does it take for the clot to lyse in subdural hematomas?

A

1 week(TOPNOTCH)

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9
Q

How long does it take for fibroblasts to grow from the dural surfaces into the hematoma after subdural hematoma/

A

2 weeks(TOPNOTCH)

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10
Q

How long does it take for the development hyalinazed connectice tissue in SDH

A

1-3 months(TOPNOTCH)

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11
Q

Gross morphology: brain is swollen, gyri are widened, and the sulci are narrowed

A

Global cerebral ischemia(TOPNOTCH)

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12
Q

In the setting of global ischemia, early histological changes are seen after how many hours after the insult?

A

12-24 hours(TOPNOTCH)

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13
Q

In the setting of global ischemia, sub acute changes are seen after how many hours after the insult?

A

24 hours to 2 weeks(TOPNOTCH)

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14
Q

In the setting of global cerebral ischemia, repair is seen after approximately how many weeks?

A

2 weeks(TOPNOTCH)

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15
Q

In the setting of global ischemia, this is characterized by evenutal removal of all necrotic tissue, loss of normally organized CNS structure, and gliosis

A

Repair(TOPNOTCH)

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16
Q

In the setting of global ischemia This is characterized by necrosis of tissue, influx of macrophages, vascular proliferation and reactive gliosis

A

Subacute changes(TOPNOTCH)

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17
Q

In the setting of global ischemiaThis is characterized by acute neuronal cell damage

A

Early change(TOPNOTCH)

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18
Q

Morphology: pathognomonic finding is a spongiform transformation of the cerebral cortex

A

CJD(TOPNOTCH)

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19
Q

Morphology: mononuclear cell perivacular cuffs and neuronophagia of the anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal cord

A

(TOPNOTCH)

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20
Q

In the immunosuprressed individual, the most common pattern of involvement in viral meningitis is?

A

Subacute encephalitis(TOPNOTCH)

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21
Q

Although any type of cell within the CNS can be infected with CMV, the virus tends to localize at what particular area in the brain?

A

Paraventricular subependymal regions(TOPNOTCH)

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22
Q

What is the principal neurologic manifestation of Von Hippel Lindau Disease?

A

Cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma(TOPNOTCH)

23
Q

Antoni A and Antoni B patterns of growth are seen in what tumors of the CNS?

A

Schwannoma(TOPNOTCH)

24
Q

Morphology: histologic appearance similar to anaplastic astrocytoma with the additional feature of necrosis and vascular or endothelial cell proliferation

A

Glioblastoma multiforme(TOPNOTCH)

25
Q

Pseudopalisading

A

Glioblastoma multiforme(TOPNOTCH)

26
Q

Glomeruloid body

A

Glioblastoma multiforme(TOPNOTCH)

27
Q

Morphology: bipolar cells with long, thin hairlike processes that are GFAP positive; Rosenthal fibers, eosinophilic granular bodies, and microcysts are often present

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma(TOPNOTCH)

28
Q

Lesion of what area of the brain appear to be the best correlate of the memory disturbance and confabulation seen in Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus(TOPNOTCH)

29
Q

Morphology: foci of hemorrhage and necrosis, particularly in the mammillary bodies but also adjacent to the ventricle, especially the third and fourth ventricles

A

Wernicke encephalopathy(TOPNOTCH)

30
Q

The spinal cord shows loss of axons and gliosis in the posterior columns, the distal portions of the corticospinal tracts, and the spinocerebellar tracts.

A

Friedreich Ataxia(TOPNOTCH)

31
Q

The abnormalities are predominantly in the cerebellum,with loss of Purkinje and granule cells; there is also degeneration of the dorsal columns, spinocerebellar tracts and anterior horn cells and a peripheral neuropathy

A

Ataxia Telangiectasia(TOPNOTCH)

32
Q

Gross morphology: palor of the substantia nigra

A

Parkinson Disease(TOPNOTCH)

33
Q

Gross morphology: the brain shows pronounced, frequently asymmetric, atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes with conspicuous sparing of the posterior two thirds of the superior temporal gyrus

A

Pick Disease(TOPNOTCH)

34
Q

What are the 3 major microscopic abnormalities of Alzheimer disease?

A

Neuritic/Senile Plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles
Amyloid angiopathy(TOPNOTCH)

35
Q

What is the principal clinical manifestation of Alzheimer disease?

A

Dementia(TOPNOTCH)

36
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly?

A

Alzheimer Disease(TOPNOTCH)

37
Q

Gross morphology: variable degree of cortical atrophy with widening of the cerebral sulci that is most pronounced in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes with compensatory ventricular enlargement (hydrocephalus ex vacuo)

A

Alzheimer Disease(TOPNOTCH)

38
Q

Neurotic plaques are focal, spherical collection of dilated, tortuous, silver staining neuritic processes often around a central amyloid core, which may be surrounded by clear halo, and can be stained with Congo red. What is the most predominant component of this plaque core?

A

AB peptide(TOPNOTCH)

39
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles are bundles of filaments in the cytoplasm of the neurons that displace or encircle the nucleus. What is the major component of this structure?

A

Tau proteins(TOPNOTCH)

40
Q

Hirano bodies

A

Alzheimer’s disease (TOPNOTCH)

41
Q

What is the principal neurologic manifestation of Von Hippel Lindau Disease?

A

Cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma(TOPNOTCH)

42
Q

Patients with Von Hippel Lindau Disease has the propensity to develop what type of carcinom?

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma(TOPNOTCH)

43
Q

These are firm areas of the cortex that, in contrast to the softer adjacent cortex, have been likened to potatoes and are composed of haphazardly arranged neurons that lack the normal laminar organization of neocortex.

A

Cortical hamartomas or “tubers’ of Tuberous Sclerosis (TOPNOTCH)

44
Q

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST, Malignant Schwannoma) is strongly associated with what type of Familial Tumor Syndrome?

A

Neurofibromatosis Type 1(TOPNOTCH)

45
Q

What are the 5 most common carcinoma that metastasize to the brain?

A

Lung, breast, Melanoma, Kidney, and GIT. (TOPNOTCH)

46
Q

What is the most common CNS neoplasm in immunosuppressed patients, including those with AIDS and immunosuppression after transplantaion?

A

Primary CNS Lymphoma(TOPNOTCH)

47
Q

Morphology: composed of sheets of regular cells with spherical nuclei containing finely granular chromatin surrounded by a clear halo of cytoplasm and calcification if present in as many as 90% of these tumors.

A

Oligodendroglioma(TOPNOTCH)

48
Q

Morphology: characterized by amild to moderate increase in the number of glial cell nuclei, somewhat variable nuclear pleomorphism, and an interveing feltwork of fine, GFAP positive astrocytic cell processes that give the background a fibrillary appearance.

A

Well differentiated fibrillary astrocytomas(TOPNOTCH)

49
Q

Morphology: perivascular pseudorosettes

A

Ependymoma(TOPNOTCH)

50
Q

Morphology: the anterior roots of the spinal cord are thin; the precentral gyrus may be atrophic and demonstrates a reduction the number of anterior horn neurons throughout the length of the spinal cord with associated reactive gliosis. Remaining neurons often contain Bunina bdoies and PAS positive cytoplasmic inclusions.

A

Amyotorphic Lateral Sclerosis(TOPNOTCH)

51
Q

Morphology: composed of bipolar cells with long, thin “hairlike” processes that are GFAP- Positive; Rosenthal fibers, eosinophilic granular bodies, and microcysts are often present.

A

Pilocytic Astrocytoma (TOPNOTCH)

52
Q

Morphology: similar to anaplastic astrocytoma with the additional features of necrosis and vascular or endothelial cell proliferation, each of which often has a stereotypic appearance.

A

Glioblastoma Multiforme(TOPNOTCH)

53
Q

Morphology: characterized by areas of stromal response with collagen and reticulin deposition and nodules of cells forming “pale islands” that have more neuropil and lack the reticulin deposition

A

Desmoplastic variant of Medulloblastoma(TOPNOTCH)

54
Q

Gross morphology: the brain is small and shows striking atrophy of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. The globus pallidus may be atrophied secondarily, and the lateral and third ventricles are dilated.

A

Huntington Disease(TOPNOTCH)

Pathology Ch 18 - Liver and Biliary Tract (11 decks)

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