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Pathology Ch 18 - Liver and Biliary Tract > Pathology Ch 20 Kidney > Flashcards

Pathology Ch 20 Kidney Flashcards

1
Q

Electron Microscopy: Subepithelial humps

A

PSGN (TOPNOTCH)

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2
Q

Light Microscopy: Hyalinized glomeruli

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis (TOPNOTCH)

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3
Q

Electron Microscopy: Subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulopathy (TOPNOTCH)

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4
Q

Electron Microscopy: Loss of foot processes

A

Minimal Change Disease (TOPNOTCH)

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5
Q

Electron Microscopy: Subendothelial deposits

A

MPGN Type 1 (TOPNOTCH)

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6
Q

Flourescence Microscopy: Linear IgG and C3

A

Goodpasture’s disease (TOPNOTCH)

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7
Q

Light Microscopy: Normal, with lipid in tubules

A

Minimal Change Disease (TOPNOTCH)

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8
Q

What is the most common type of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)?

A

Clear cell RCC (TOPNOTCH)

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9
Q

What are the 3 classic diagnostic features of RCC?

A
  1. Costovertebral Pain (TOPNOTCH)
  2. Palpable Mass
  3. Hematuria
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10
Q

Among the 3 classic diagnostic features of RCC, which feature is the most reliable?

A

Hematuria (TOPNOTCH)

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11
Q

RCC morphology: pale eosinophilic cells, often with a perinuclear halo, arranged in solid sheets with a concentration of the largest cells around the blood vessels

A

Chromophobe RCC (TOPNOTCH)

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12
Q

RCC morphology: rounder or polygonal shape and have abundant clear or granular cytoplasm with stains with glycogen and lipid

A

Clear Cell RCC (TOPNOTCH)

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13
Q

RCC morphology: arise from DCT and are typically hemorrhagic and cystic

A

Papillary RCC (TOPNOTCH)

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14
Q

RCC morphology: irregular channels lined by highly atypical epithelium with a hobnail pattern.

A

Collecting Duct Carcinoma (TOPNOTCH)

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15
Q

RCC morphology: Interstitial foam cells and psamomma bodies

A

Papillary Carcinoma (TOPNOTCH)

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16
Q

Urolithiasis: most common type

A

Calcium Oxalate stones (TOPNOTCH)

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17
Q

Urolithiasis: staghorn calculi

A

Triple stones/ struvite stones/ Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate stones (TOPNOTCH)

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18
Q

Urolithiasis: caused by genetic defects in the renal absorption of amino acids

A

Cystine stones (TOPNOTCH)

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19
Q

Urolithiasis: associated with urea-splitting bacteria

A

Triple stones/ struvite stones/ Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate stones (TOPNOTCH)

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20
Q

Urolithiasis: radiolucent

A

Uric Acid Stones (TOPNOTCH)

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21
Q

Urolithiasis: common in patients with leukemia

A

Uric Acid Stones (TOPNOTCH)

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22
Q

What is the most common cause of renal artery stenosis?

A

Occlussion by an atheromatous plaque at the origin of the renal artery (TOPNOTCH)

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23
Q

What is the most common type of Fibromuscular Dysplasia; intimal, medial, or adventitial?

A

Medial (TOPNOTCH)

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24
Q

Gross morpholoy: flea bitten appearance of the kidneys

A

Malignant Hypertension (TOPNOTCH)

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25
Q

What are the two histological alterations in the blood vessels of patients with malignant hypertension?

A
  1. Fibrinoid Necrosis of arterioles

2. Onion-skinning (TOPNOTCH)

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26
Q

What are the 3 complications of acute pyelonephritis?

A
  1. Papillary Necrosis
  2. Pyonephrosis
  3. Perinephric Abscess (TOPNOTCH)
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27
Q

Among the 3 complications of acute pyelonephritis, which one is mainly seen in diabetics and in those with urinary tract obstruction?

A

Papillary necrosis (TOPNOTCH)

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28
Q

Morphology: acute neutrophilic exudate within tubules and the renal substance

A

Acute pyelonephritis (TOPNOTCH)

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29
Q

ATN morphology: focal tubular epithelial necrosis at multiple points along the nephron, with large skip areas in between

A

Ischemic ATN (TOPNOTCH)

30
Q

ATN morphology: manifested by acute tubular injury with non specific tubular necrosis

A

Toxic ATN (TOPNOTCH)

31
Q

ATN morphology: Eosinophilic hyaline casts containing Tamm Horsfall protein

A

Ischemic ATN (TOPNOTCH)

32
Q

ATN morphology: severely injured cells that are not yet dead might contain large acidophilic inclusions

A

Mercuric Chloride ATN (TOPNOTCH)

33
Q

ATN morphology: accumulation of neutral lipids in injured cells

A

Carbon Tetrachloride poisoning (TOPNOTCH)

34
Q

ATN morphology: marked ballooning and hydrophic or vacuolar degeneration of proximal convulated tubules and often times calcium oxalate crystals are seen in the lumen

A

Ethylene Glycol ATN (TOPNOTCH)

35
Q

Morphology: patchy interstitial suppurative inflammation, intratubular aggregates of neutrophils, and tubular necrosis

A

Acute pyelonephritis (TOPNOTCH)

36
Q

Gross morphology: irregularly scarred; if bilateral, the involvement is asymmetric

A

Chronic pyelonephritis (TOPNOTCH)

37
Q

Gross morphology: kidneys are diffusely and symmetrically scarred

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis (TOPNOTCH)

38
Q

Morphology: hallmark is the coarse, discrete, corticomedullary scar overlying a dilated, blunted, or deformed calyx

A

Chronic pyelonephritis (TOPNOTCH)

39
Q

What is the main cause of renal dysfunction in Multiple Myeloma?

A

Bence Jones protein (TOPNOTCH)

40
Q

Morphology: bence jones tubular casts appear as pink to blue amorphous masses, sometimes concentrically laminated, often with fractured and angulated appearance, filling and idstending the lumens

A

Multiple Myeloma (TOPNOTCH)

41
Q

Morphology: narrowing of the lumens of arterioles and small arteries, caused by thickening and hyalinization of the walls (hyaline arteriolosclerosis)

A

Benign nephrosclerosis (TOPNOTCH)

42
Q

Morphology: classic diagnostic finding is enlarged hypercellular glomeruli

A

PSGN (TOPNOTCH)

43
Q

Gross morphology: wedge-shaped lesions, with base against the cortical surface and the apex pointing toward the medulla

A

Renal infarcts (TOPNOTCH)

44
Q

What is the most common cause of clinical pyelonephritis?

A

Ascending infection (TOPNOTCH)

45
Q

What is the first step in the pathogenesis of ascending infection that leads to pyelonephritis?

A

Colonization of the distal urethra and introits by coliform bacteria (TOPNOTCH)

46
Q

Morphology: “fibrin caps” and “capsular drops”

A

Diabetic kidney (TOPNOTCH)

47
Q

Morphology: diffuse increase in mesangial matrix and characteristic PAS positive nodules

A

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis (TOPNOTCH)

48
Q

Flourescence microscopy: deposition of IgA, sometimes with IgG and C3, in the mesangial region

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura (TOPNOTCH)

49
Q

Morphology: “tram track” “double contour” glomerular capillary walls

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (TOPNOTCH)

50
Q

Morphology: collapsed glomerular tufts and the crescent shaped mass of proliferating cells and leukocytes internal to Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (TOPNOTCH)

51
Q

Gross morphology: wedge-shaped lesions, with base against the cortical surface and the apex pointing toward the medulla

A

Renal infarcts (TOPNOTCH)

52
Q

What is the most common cause of clinical pyelonephritis?

A

Ascending infection (TOPNOTCH)

53
Q

What is the first step in the pathogenesis of ascending infection that leads to pyelonephritis?

A

Colonization of the distal urethra and introits by coliform bacteria (TOPNOTCH)

54
Q

Morphology: “fibrin caps” and “capsular drops”

A

Diabetic kidney (TOPNOTCH)

55
Q

Morphology: diffuse increase in mesangial matrix and characteristic PAS positive nodules

A

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis (TOPNOTCH)

56
Q

Flourescence microscopy: deposition of IgA, sometimes with IgG and C3, in the mesangial region

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura (TOPNOTCH)

57
Q

Morphology: “tram track” “double contour” glomerular capillary walls

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (TOPNOTCH)

58
Q

Morphology: collapsed glomerular tufts and the crescent shaped mass of proliferating cells and leukocytes internal to Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (TOPNOTCH)

59
Q

Morphology: glomeruli show thickening and sometimes splitting of capillary walls, due largely to endothelial and subendothelial swelling, and deposits of fibrin-related materials in the capillary lumens, subendothelially, and in the mesangium.

A

Childhood Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome(TOPNOTCH)

60
Q

Gross morphology: flea bitten appearance of the kidney

A

Malignant hypertension(TOPNOTCH)

61
Q

Gross morphology: fine, leathery granularity of the surface of the kidney

A

nephrosclerosis(TOPNOTCH)

62
Q

What is the emerging viral pathogen that causes pyelonephritis in kidney allografts?

A

Polyoma virus(TOPNOTCH)

63
Q

Morphology: enlarged tubular epithelial cells with nuclear inclusions

A

Polyoma kidney (TOPNOTCH)

64
Q

Flourescence microscopy: deposition of IgA, sometimes with IgG and C3, in the mesangial region

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura (TOPNOTCH)

65
Q

Electron microscopy: irregular thickening of the BM of the glomerulus, lamination of the lamina densa, and foci of rarefaction

A

Alport Syndrome (TOPNOTCH)

66
Q

Morphology: lamina densa of the GBM is transformed into an irregular, ribbon like, extremely electron dense structure

A

Dense Deposti Disease or Type II MPGN (TOPNOTCH)

67
Q

ESRD is defined as GFR less than how many percent of normal?

A

5%(TOPNOTCH)

68
Q

Renal failure is defined as GFR less than how many percent of normal?

A

20%-25%(TOPNOTCH)

69
Q

In renal insufficiency is defined as GFR less than how many percent of normal?

A

20%-50%(TOPNOTCH)

70
Q

Diminished renal reserve is define as GFR less than how many percent of normal?

A

50%(TOPNOTCH)

Pathology Ch 18 - Liver and Biliary Tract (11 decks)

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