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Pathology Ch 18 - Liver and Biliary Tract > Pathology Ch 18 Liver and Biliary Tract > Flashcards

Pathology Ch 18 Liver and Biliary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Morphology: Characterized by fibrosing cholangitis of bile ducts, with a lymphocytic infiltrate, and progressive atrophy of the bile duct epithelium, and obliteration of the lumen

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis(TOPNOTCH)

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2
Q

Morphology: Concentric periductal fibrosis or Onion-Skin fibrosis with solid, cordlike fibrous scar.

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis(TOPNOTCH)

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3
Q

“Beading” of barium column in radiographs of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis(TOPNOTCH)

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4
Q

Morphology: Panlobular giant cell transformation of hepatocytes and formation of hepatocyte “rosettes”

A

Neonatal Cholestasis(TOPNOTCH)

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5
Q

What is the histological hallmark of irreversible liver damage?

A

Deposition of fibrous tissue(TOPNOTCH)

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6
Q

“Ground Glass Hepatocytes” are seen in what type of Viral Hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis B(TOPNOTCH)

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7
Q

What type of viral hepatitis frequently show lymphoid aggregates within portal tracts?

A

Hepatitis C(TOPNOTCH)

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8
Q

A characteristic feature of this type of viral hepatitis is the high mortality rate among pregnant women, approaching 20%

A

Hepatitis E(TOPNOTCH)

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9
Q

A distinctive variant of hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs in young adults and has no association with HBV or cirrhosis risk factors.

A

Fibrolamellar Carcinoma(TOPNOTCH)

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10
Q

What is the most common liver tumor of young childhood?

A

Hepatoblastoma(TOPNOTCH)

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11
Q

What are the most common benign neoplasm in the liver?

A

Hemangiomas(TOPNOTCH)

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12
Q

These benign neoplasms tend to occur in young women who have used oral contraceptives and regress on discontinuance of their use.

A

Liver cell Adenoma(TOPNOTCH)

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13
Q

Rokitansky- Aschoff sinuses are structures seen in what organ?

A

Gallbladder(TOPNOTCH)

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14
Q

What is the most common congenital anomaly of the gallbladder?

A

Presence of Phrygian Cap (folded fundus)(TOPNOTCH)

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15
Q

What is the tetralogy of cholesterol stone formation?

A
  1. Supersaturation of bile with cholesterol
  2. Gallbladder hypomotility
  3. Cholesterol nucleation
  4. Hypersecretion of GB mucus(TOPNOTCH)
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16
Q

AKA Strawberry Gallbladder

A

Cholesterolosis(TOPNOTCH)

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17
Q

Acute calculous cholecystitis is most commonly precipitated by what condition?

A

Obstruction of the neck or cystic duct by a Gallbladder stone(TOPNOTCH)

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18
Q

Morphology: Prominence of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

A

Chronic Cholecystitis(TOPNOTCH)

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of cholangitis?

A

Choledocholithiasis(TOPNOTCH)

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20
Q

True or False. Gallstones are seen in 60%-90% of Carcinoma of the Gallbladder.

A

True(TOPNOTCH)

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21
Q

What is the most common growth pattern of Gallbladder carcinoma? Infiltrating or Exophytic?

A

Infiltrating(TOPNOTCH)

22
Q

These are tumors arising from the part of the common bile duct between the cystic duct junction and the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts at the liver hilus

A

Klatskin tumors(TOPNOTCH)

23
Q

Morphology: feathery degeneration and focal detergent dissolution of hepatocytes, giving rise to bile lakes filled with cellular debris and pigment

A

Cholestasis(TOPNOTCH)

24
Q

What does unrelieved cholestasis lead to?

A

Portal tract fibrosis(TOPNOTCH)

25
Q

What is the outcome of 85% of Acute Hepatitis infection?

A

Chronic Hepatitis(TOPNOTCH)

26
Q

These inclusions are a characteristic but not specific feature of alcoholic liver disease.

A

Mallory bodies(TOPNOTCH)

27
Q

Morphology: macrovesicular steatosis, involving most regions of the hepatic lobule. The intracytoplasmic fat is seen as clear vacuoles.

A

Alcoholic liver disease(TOPNOTCH)

28
Q

What zone of the liver if particularly vulnerable of ischemic injury and number of drug and toxic reactions?

A

Centrilobular zone(TOPNOTCH)

29
Q

What zone of the liver is particularly affected in eclampsia?

A

Periportal zone(TOPNOTCH)

30
Q

At least how many percent of the liver must be damaged before hepatic failure ensues?

A

at least 80%(TOPNOTCH)

31
Q

What are the 4 major consequences of portal hypertension?

A

Ascites, formation of portosystemic venous shunts, congestive splenomegaly, and hepatic encephalopathy(TOPNOTCH)

32
Q

Ascites becomes clinically detectable at what amount?

A

500 ml(TOPNOTCH)

33
Q

Morphology: portal tract expansion with inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue and interface hepatitis with spillover of inflammation into the adjacent parenchyma. Lymphoid aggregates can also be seen.

A

Chronic Viral Hepatitis C(TOPNOTCH)

34
Q

Morphology: hepatocytes show diffuse granular cytoplasm, so called ground glass hepatocytes

A

Hepatitis B viral infection(TOPNOTCH)

35
Q

Morphology: liver biopsy shows steatosis, multifocal parenchymal inflammation, Mallory hyaline, hepatocyte death, and sinusoidal fibrosis

A

Steatohepatitis or Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis(TOPNOTCH)

36
Q

In Hemochromatosis, what is the most common site of hemosiderin deposition?

A

Liver(TOPNOTCH)

37
Q

What are the 3 clinical features of Hemochromatosis?

A

Deposition of hemosiderin, cirrhosis, and pancreatic fibrosis(TOPNOTCH)

38
Q

Morphology: characterized by the presence of round to oval cytoplasmic globular inclusions in hepatocytes, which in routine H and E stains are acidophilic and indistinctly demarcated from the surrounding cytoplasm

A

A1 antitrypsin deficiency(TOPNOTCH)

39
Q

Morphology: Panlobular giant cell transformation of hepatocytes and formation of hepatocyte “rosettes”

A

Neonatal Cholestasis(TOPNOTCH)

40
Q

Morphology: characterized by coarse fibrous septae that subdivide the liver in a jigsaw like pattern

A

Secondary biliary cirrhosis(TOPNOTCH)

41
Q

Morphology: florid duct lesion

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis(TOPNOTCH)

42
Q

The combination of hypoperfusion and retrograde congestion acts synergistically to generate what type of necrosis in the liver?

A

Centrolobular hemorrhagic necrosis(TOPNOTCH)

43
Q

Morphology: periportal sinusoids contain fibrin deposits with hemorrhage into the space of Disse, leading to periportal hepatocellular coagulative necrosis

A

Pre-Eclampsia/Eclampsia(TOPNOTCH)

44
Q

Type of liver transplant rejection : severe obliterative arteritis of small and larger arterial vessels results in ischemic changes in the liver parenchyma

A

Chronic Rejection(TOPNOTCH)

45
Q

Type of liver transplant rejection: infiltration of a mixed population of inflammatory cells into portal tracts, bile ducts, and hepatocyte injury and endothelitis

A

Acute cellular rejections(TOPNOTCH)

46
Q

What do you call the small tubular channels that are sometimes burried within the gallbladder wall adjacent to the liver?

A

Ducts of Luschka(TOPNOTCH)

47
Q

What is the most common congenital anomaly seen in the Gallbladder?

A

A folded fundus or so called phrygian cap(TOPNOTCH)

48
Q

Gross morphology: the mucosal surface of the gallbladder is studded with minute yellow flecks

A

Strawberry Gallbladder(TOPNOTCH)

49
Q

What type of pigment stones are generally seen in infected intrahepatic or extra hepatic ducts?

A

Brown pigment stones(TOPNOTCH)

50
Q

Gross morphology: GB is shrunken, nodular, and chronically inflamed with foci of necrosis and hemorrhage

A

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis(TOPNOTCH)

Pathology Ch 18 - Liver and Biliary Tract (11 decks)

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