Pathology 3- Cell injury Flashcards
Cell damage leads to
Tissue damage
Tissue damage leads to
Organism damage
What is Cell Injury? types?
When a cell fails to maintain normal homeostasis: Stress or injurious stimulus
-Reversible
-Irreversible
Cell/Tissue response to injury
Adaptation
Degeneration
Death: Apoptosis or necrosis
Reversible injury what is?
When a cell can undergo mild/transient injury that may be adaptable to return to normal
Irreversible cell injury
The point of no return.
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Ways the cell can adapt to change?
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Atrophy
What is hypertrophy? Characteristics?
Increase in cell size but not in number
-Synthesize more organelles (Ex. muscle growth)
- Reversible
- More appreciated on gross anatomy
Physiologic Example of hypertrophy
Most common in striated muscle.
- Working out, gain muscle mass but not increase in muscle cells.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Primary disease of myocardium
Common in cats
L ventricle is enlarged leaving very little lumen for the blood to flow from the muscle producing too many contractile elements.
Pathological example of hypertrophy
Occurs in response to disease
Ex: Pulmonic stenosis - Right ventricular myocardial hypertrophy
What is hyperplasia?
Increase in cell number
Cells that can undergo hyperplasia
Labile cells: epidermis, epithelium, bone marrow
Cells that can’t undergo hyperplasia
Permanent cells: neurons, cardiac/skeletal cells
Hyperplasia relation to hypertrophy
Usually concurrent with each other
