Clin path 5: Non-regenerative Anemia Flashcards
Hypoplasia
Decrease in size cells
Atrophy
Decrease in cells size
Bicytopenia
the reduction of any of the two cell lines of blood
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all three cellular components of the blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets)
Myelosuppression
a decrease in bone marrow activity that results in reduced production of blood cells
Myelotoxic/Myelotoxin
Toxins that result in a decrease in bone marrow activity that results in reduced production of blood cells
Myelophthisis
a form of bone marrow failure due to replacement of hematopoietic tissue by abnormal tissue, most commonly cancer
CBC characteristics of non-regenerative anemia
-No reticulocytosis
-No evidence of acute hemorrhage
-No evidence of hemolysis
Types marrow hypoplasia
- Selective erythroid hypoplasia
- Generalized marrow hypoplasia
Selective Erythroid Hypoplasia
Decrease in only red blood cells
Generalized Marrow Hypoplasia
Either Bicytopenia or Pancytopenia
Erythropoiesis
the production of red blood cells.
Nutrients required for erythropoiesis
Iron, Iron transport proteins, erythropoietin, thyroid hormones
Anemia of Nutrient disorders- conditions
(Normocytic, Normochromic)
- Chronic kidney disease: Decreased EPO leads to profound severs anemias
- Chronic blood loss
- Hypothyroidism: establishes base rates for many metabolites.
Anemia of chronic disease (ACD)
Anemia of inflammatory Disease (AID)
Characteristics
Severity: Mild to moderate
Cause: almost any disease
What causes microcytic normochromic indicies?
- Release of cytokines
- Liver increase production of hepcidin (Neg regulator of iron)
-Traps iron in macrophages - Leads microcytic normochromic
Iron sequestration molecule in chronic inflammatory disease
Hepcidin
Toxic drugs leading to selective erythroid Hypoplasia
Drugs: rhEPO
Toxic viruses leading to selective erythroid Hypoplasia
FeLV
Idiopathy leading selective erythroid Hypoplasia
Autoantibodies
Virus toxin leading to Generalized Marrow Hypoplasia
Viruses: FeLV, parvovirus
Bacteria toxin leading to Generalized Marrow Hypoplasia
Ehrlichia (tick-borne)
drug toxins leading to Generalized Marrow Hypoplasia
Chemotherapy
Estrogen
Trimethoprim-sulfmethoxazol (TMS)
Methimizole
Household toxin leading to Generalized Marrow Hypoplasia
Plants
Idiopathy leading to Generalized Marrow Hypoplasia
Autoantibodies
what kind of cells does regenerative IMHA attack?
Mature red blood cells
what kinda fo cells non-regenerative IMHA attack?
Attacks RBC precursor cells –> selective red cell hypoplasia
Causes of myelophthisis
Marrow replacement:
- Fungal DX
- Radiation therapy
- Neoplasia
Myelothisis disease leading generalized marrow hypoplasia
- Myelitis
- Leukemia
- Myelofibrosis
