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dwt > Eryhthrocytosis > Flashcards

Eryhthrocytosis Flashcards

1
Q

What does erythrocytosis mean?

A

Increase in red blood cells

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2
Q

Types of erythrocytosis?

A

Relative
Absolute

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3
Q

What is relative erythrocytosis?

A

Amount of RBC appears to increase relatively to something else going on.

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4
Q

Types of relative erythroytosis?

A
  • Hemoconcentration
  • Redistribution
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5
Q

What s relative erthrocytosis hemoconcentration?

A
  • Dehydration or fluid shifts
    – Loss of free water so is appears to have increased RBC concentration
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6
Q

What is redistribution relative erythrocytosis?

A
  • Excitement
  • Activation of the PNS causes splenic contractions and a temporary increase in RBC
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7
Q

types of absolute erythrocytosis?

A

Primary and secondary

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8
Q

What is Primary absolute erythrocytosis?

A

Polycythemia from neoplasia of RBA

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9
Q

Polycythemia definition

A

Erythrocytosis

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10
Q

What is secondary absolute erythrocytosis?

A
  • Increased EPO
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11
Q

Causes of increased EPO?

A
  • Appropriate
  • Inappropriate
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12
Q

Appropriate increased EPO causes

A
  • Low FiO2 (Fraction inspired oxygen; i.e. living in a low O2 environment)
  • R to L shunt bypassing the lung
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13
Q

Inappropriate increased EPO causes

A
  • EPO secreting tumor
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14
Q

Lab results expected to be seen from hemoconcentration?

A
  1. increased total proteins
    – Hyperalbuminenia or hyperglobinemia
  2. Hypernatremia and hyperchloremia
  3. increased urine specific gravity
  4. Azotemia (increased waste products (urea) in blood
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15
Q

Lab results expected to be seen from excitement?

A
  1. mild neutrophilia
  2. mild lymphocytosis
  3. mild hyperglycemia
  4. mild thrombosis
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16
Q

What are purple top tubes?

A

EDTA: chelates calcium = anticoagulant

17
Q

What are red top tubes?

A

Clooting tubes- plain

18
Q

What is in blood plasma?

A

Proteins and fluids
Proteins: Fibrinogen, Coag factors, albumin

19
Q

What is serum

A

Plamsa - fibrinogen

20
Q

WHERE DOES FIBRINOGEN COME FROM?

A

liver

21
Q

Is fibrinogen soluble?

A

yes

22
Q

What is the function of fibrinogen?

A
  • Becomes an insoluble protein (Fibrin)
  • Homeostasis
  • Reacts to inflammation
23
Q

What is the normal homeostasis of clotting ability?

A

The ability of fibrinogen to become fibrin and perform normal clotting

24
Q

How does fibrinogen become fibrin?

A
  • Injury stimulates immediate contraction to slow BF
  • Contraction stimulates von Willebrand factor to injury site
  • Von Willebrand facotr stimulates platelets to site and platelet adhesion/recruitment begins forms
  • Platelet recruitment activates tissue factor
  • Tissue factor activates coagulation pathway
  • Coag pathway stimulates fibrinogen to fibrin
  • Fibrin links together platelets to form a solid clot
25
Q

How is clotting stopped?

A
  • Healing endothelial cells release plasminogen activator (PA)
  • PA activates plasmin to stop clotting activity
26
Q

Pieces involved in primary homeostasis?

A

Primary platelet plug:
- von Willebrand factors
- Platelets

27
Q

Pieces involved in Secondary Hemostasis?

A

Secondary platelet plug:
- Tissue factor
- Coagulation cascade

28
Q

Pieces involved in Fibrinolysis?

A

Deactivation of clotting:
- Plasminogen activator
- Plasmin

29
Q

What are positive acute phase proteins?

A

Proteins that serve as part of the innate immune system

30
Q

Examples of positive acute phase protein

A
  • Fibrinogen
  • Hepcidin
31
Q

What is Hyperfribrinogenemia?

A

Increased fibrin in the blood- only asses in LARGE ANIMALS

32
Q

What is a fibrinogen blood ratio?

A

Plasma has part fibrinogen protein, part non-fibrinogen and water
Plasma protein:Fibrinogen
* Should be a large-ish number*

33
Q

What is a normal fibrinogen blood ratio?

A

Ruminant: 10-15
Horse: 15-20

34
Q

What happens to fibrinogen blood ration in dehydration?

A
  • Free water loss causes the protein levels to be exaggerated
  • Leads to an increase in the overall ratio
35
Q

What is a fibrinogen blood ratio with dehydration?

A

Ruminant: >15
Horse: >20

36
Q

What happens to fibrinogen blood ration in inflammation?

A

Levels of fibrinogen actually increase due to inflammation to the ration decreases

37
Q

What is a fibrinogen blood ratio with inflammation?

A

Ruminant: <10
Horse: <15

38
Q

Hepatic serosus is a cause fo what?

A

Hypoefribrinogenemia leading to liver failure

dwt (28 decks)

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