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DWT > Parasitology 4: Nematodes 3- Strongyloidea, Ancylostomatoidea, Metastrongyloidea > Flashcards

Parasitology 4: Nematodes 3- Strongyloidea, Ancylostomatoidea, Metastrongyloidea Flashcards

1
Q

What species is strongyloidea important for?

A

Horses

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2
Q

What kind of feeder is strongyloidea?

A

Plug feeders

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3
Q

where does strongyloidea infect?

A

GIT

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4
Q

Three main general characteristics of strongyloidea?

A
  • Parasites of GIT
  • Generally have large buccal capsule
  • Plug feeders
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5
Q

What taxonomy is strongyloidae

A

Family

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6
Q

What are cyanthostominae and strongylinae?

A

Subfamilies
cyanthostominae = small 2cm
strongylinae = large 5 cm

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7
Q

What are cyanthostominae and strongylinae diseases?

A

cyanthostominosis and strongylinosis

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8
Q

Cyathostomins characterisitcs?

A
  • Small Strongyles
  • about 50 similar species
  • CANNOT tell eggs or immature stages apart
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9
Q

What is the lifecycle of Cyathostomins?

A
  • Infection
  • Larvae go into large intestine
  • Enter intestinal crypts & penetrate mucosa for period of larval development
  • Return to lumen to mature
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10
Q

What is the minimum patent period of Cyathostomins

A

2-3 months

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11
Q

Where do Cyathostomin larvae become hypobiotic?

A

In the intestinal wall

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12
Q

What is the relationship between Cyathostomins adults and larvae

A

Live in a dynamic relationship
- As adults are cleared out from the lumen
- New larvae move in from intestinal wall
- Maintaining population of adults

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13
Q

How do seasonal changes effect Cyathostomins?

A

Arrest?

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14
Q

Are Cyathostomins highly pathogenic? What are the numbers?

A

No
- Low to moderate numbers in healthy horses have no effect

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15
Q

What life-stage causes pathogenic effect and how?

A
  • Larvae
  • Pathogenic when emerge from intestinal wall and cause inflammation
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16
Q

Two syndromes of Cyathostomins?

A
  • Chronic Cyathostominosis (type 1)
  • Acute larval Cyathostominosis (type 2)
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17
Q

What is Chronic Cyathostominosis (type 1) look like?

A
  • Gradual inflammation and thickening of gut wall
  • Possible protein losing enteropathy
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18
Q

Clin signs of Chronic cyathostominosis?

A
  • Intermittent diarrhea
  • mild to moderate colic
  • poor condition
  • hypoproteinemia
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19
Q

What acute larval Cyathostominosis (type 2) onset and when does it occur?

A
  • Rapid onset
  • Occurs when a large number of arrested larvae synchronously emerge
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20
Q

What are the clin signs of acute larval Cyathostominosis (type 2)?

A
  • Fever
  • Diarrhea (dehydration)
  • Edema (hypoproteinemia)
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21
Q

what season does acute larval Cyathostominosis (type 2) occur?

A

Late winter or early spring

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22
Q

What do treat acute larval Cyathostominosis (type 2)?

A

Deworming

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23
Q

How to diagnose chronic cyathostominosis vs acute larval Cyathostominosis (type 2)?

A

Chronic: large number of strongyle eggs in feces
Acute: May not be many eggs in manure

24
Q

Population most susceptible to Cyathostomins?

A

<3-4 yr old horses

25
Q

Most important large strongyle?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

26
Q

What is the life cycle of large strongyles?

A

Infection through ingestion as L3
- Molt into L4 and migrate through arteries
- Reaches junction of cranial mesenteric artery and aorta
- Return to large intestine about 4 mo after infection
- Molt to L5 (adults)
- Occasionally larvae migrate to other location

27
Q

What is the prepatent period of large stronglyes?

A

6 months

28
Q

Strongylus vulgaris pathogenesis?

A
  • Verminous arteritis
  • Aneurysm
  • Larvae damage arterial vessels leading to thrombus
    —- thrombus reduces blood flow
    —- thrombus may break off and block blood flow distally
    —- Ischemia
    —- In severe cases can lead to necrosis of bowel
    —- Lesions regress after worms leave or treated
29
Q

Clinical signs of Strongylus vulgaris?

A
  • Colic: thromboembolic colic
  • Abdominal pain
  • In severe cases: death
  • Diagnosis is difficult
30
Q

What is Ancylostomatoidea?

A

Hook worms

31
Q

Where do Ancylostomatoidea infect?

A

Small intestine of many animals and humans

32
Q

What kind of feeders are Ancylostomatoidea?

A

Blood feeders via plug feeders

33
Q

Types of canine hookworms?

A

Ancylostoma caninum
Ancylostoma braziliense
Uncinaria stencephala

34
Q

Ancylostoma caninum importantance?

A

Most important/common in our region?

35
Q

Ancylostoma braziliense inportance?

A

Significant in the southeast costal US and south america
- not pathogenic hookworm
- Vigorous skin penetrator (Public health importance)

36
Q

Uncinaria stencephala importance?

A

Cold climate hookworm

37
Q

Ancylostoma caninum infection?

A

Externally develop from egg to L3
- Ingestion of L3
- skin penetration by L3 (imporant)

38
Q

What happens after skin penetration of Ancylostoma caninum?

A
  • Larvae migrate to heart/lungs and then either coughed up, swallowed and develop in SI
  • Travels in tissues and become dormant
39
Q

What is the somatic reservior larvae of Ancylostoma caninum?

A
  • Larvae of skin penetration laying dormant inside skin tissue
40
Q

What is larval leak?

A
  • After treatment of adult population
  • Arrested larvae can move into the intestine and replace adults that were removed
41
Q

Where can egg laying worms of Ancylostoma caninum come from?

A
  • Skin penetration
  • Transmammary infection
  • Ingestion of L3
  • Larval leak
  • Paratenic host
42
Q

What is paratenic host?

A

Not needed for the development of the parasite, but nevertheless serving to maintain the parasite’s life cycle

43
Q

Ancylostoma caninum pathogenesis of low worm number?

A

Asymptomatic

44
Q

Susceptible population of Ancylostoma caninum?

A
  • very young animals
  • heavily immunocompromised
45
Q

How do hookworms behave?

A
  • Blood-suckers
  • Switch sites every few hours
46
Q

Ancylostoma caninum clinical signs?

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Anemia, hypoproteinemia
  • Skin lesions
47
Q

Immunity of Ancylostoma caninum?

A

Develops following exposures

48
Q

What is ancylostoma tubaeforme?

A

Feline hookworm

49
Q

Characteristics of ancylostoma tubaeforme?

A
  • Lower prevalence than canine hookworm
  • Not as pathogenic as canine hookworm
  • Little if ant perinatal transmission
50
Q

Public health importance - hookworms

A
  • larvae can penetrate human skin; especially A braziliense
  • Coastal southern US, caribbean, Latine America
51
Q

What human contact with hookworm- A braziliense causes?

A
  • Produces serpiginous tracks known as cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)
  • Frequent in people with lots of soil contact
52
Q

What is cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)?

A

serpiginous tracks produced by A braziliense

53
Q

What is Metastrongyloidea and where do they infect?

A

Long/slender worms that infect lungs and other tissue sites

  • Minor importance in domestic animals
54
Q

Diagnosis of Metastrongyloidea?

A

Larvae in feces

55
Q

What kind of intermediate host does Metastrongyloidea use?

A

invertebrate

DWT (28 decks)

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