pathology Flashcards
pathology is the study of —-
histology is the study of disease which involves the knowledge of — and — by understanding the — and — of the cells as historically come from looking at microscopic slides of tissue and organs
disease
cell and organs
structure and function
- In a modern day hospital pathologists work in a laboratory diagnosing cancer and other diseases by using —- and —
- ## The study of using microscopic slides to diagnose cancer is called —- by which we look at the histological microscope slides for — of cancer
histology and microscopic slides
histopathology
evidence
( specimen journey: biopsy taken —> biopsy processed —> slide is generated and interpreted )
true or false:
-A very important part of diagnosing disease and tumours is what the organ or structure looks like with the disease with the naked eye (or possibly by radiology, x-rays or CT scans).
this is called:
- —- image of the liver that is looking at the cells of the liver with
cirrhosis down a microscope
-true and its called macroscopic appearance or a gross image.
- microscopic
-How this works in practice is that
when patients presents to their
doctor with suspicious lumps or
bumps, small tissue fragments are
taken from this by the physicians or
surgeons. This is called a —-
- This biopsy is fixed in — and sent to – by which the tissue is accepted to into this department then its logged , given a number , dissected and measured
- The next part of the process is
that the tissue is embedded
into — to make it — and — it this is done is a tissue processor
- Then a — fixed paraffin and wax embedded block is created
- then thin sections are — and a —- is made then it will be looked at under the microscope and then a diagnosis will be made and report is written
tissue biopsy
formaldehyde
pathology department
paraffin wax
hard and preserve it
formaldehyde
cut
microscopic slide
-The standard stain that we look at is called — and —
- the nuclei will be — and cytoplasm will be —
- other stains we can use by looking for — aka pearl stains and — aka tichrome stain
- There are other stains called immunohistochemical stains that target specific —- that help us to diagnose
- haematoxylin and eosin.
- purple
- bright pink
- iron
- fibrosis
- tumour markers
For a simple case it takes typically — working days to get a histopathology report during a typical working week
in a pathology department. A more complicated case can sometimes take — or sometimes longer.
- 2/3 working days
- a week
activities done by pathologist:
- Diagnostic histopathology – cancer diagnosis
- Cytology – cancer diagnosis
- Molecular diagnostics
- Post mortem’s – coroners cases and consented hospital
autopsies - Multi disciplinary meetings (MDM’s) with other clinicians
- Laboratory management – quality control, running the
laboratory - Training trainees and medical students
- Research study
role of pathologist in relation to the coroner’s office:
- The coroner is responsible for investigation — , — , —
- Pathologist in Ireland perform — in Ireland for the coroner
- Autopsies of a criminal nature are performed by a separate discipline as :
- unexplained , unexpected and criminal deaths
- autopsies
- forensic pathologist
how pathology is related to other specialities:
- Cancer diagnosis from many specialities
- Medicine
- Surgery
- OBGYN
- ENT
- Haematology
- And many more
- Attend MDM (multi disciplinary meeting) to discuss patients with other
clinicians
the function of multi displinary meeting MDM:
* The multi disciplinary meeting contains many specialities: Physicians, surgeons, radiology, oncology (medical and radiation), pathology and senior nursing staff.
* The MDM is where we discuss the cases with all the —
* A tailored —– is made for each patient
* Each patient is discussed —- with clinical information, radiology, pathology etc
* From this —- including surgery, chemotherapy are considered
* How well the patient is, the —- is very important. If a patient is unwell
then surgery may not be possible.
* Also, the —- of the patient is considered, what are the follow up options and supports
all info
patient management
individually
treatment options
functional status
social context
role of pathologist at MDM ( important):
* In a busy department, many pathologists have sub specialist interests such as breast, lung
pathology etc. These pathologists will lead out on specific disciplines
* —- days before the MDM the pathologist receives the slides and histology reports for each
patient (case), this may be anything from 10-70+ cases
* The pathologist —- the slides with the previous slides from the same patient
* The cases are thus all —- as many of these will be reported by other pathologists
* The pathologist attends the MDM with the slides and shows these to the other attendees using a — with a —-
3 days
review
double checked
microscope w a camera attachment
