neoplasm iv

Question 1

1-how do we obtain material for DX:
2-what is the difference between a fine needle aspirate and a tru-cut core needle biopsy:
* A fine needle aspirate contains – only. There is no — so — cannot be assessed – ‘cytology’
* A tru-cut core needle biopsy shows – and – . Therefore – can be assessed –
‘histology’
* Pathologists prefer tru-cut biopsies; gives us two important things;
- Tissue –
- Tissue for – stains / – studies (PCR, NGS, etc.)

Answer 1

1-:
* Fine needle aspirate biopsy
* Tru-cut core needle biopsy
* Forceps biopsy
* Incisional biopsy
* Complete removal lump/excision
2-:
Preservation of tissue in formalin,
processing, cutting of section,
placing on slide, staining with H&E
- cells only
- no stromal tissue
- architecture
- cells and storm
- architecture
- tissue architure
- tissue immunohistochemical strand and molecular studies

Question 2

H&E – HAEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN
* Haematoxylin
– —
– Nucleus of cells
* Eosin
– —
– Cytoplasm, extracellular
matrix
* Routine histology stain
used on all cases

Answer 2

purple and blue nucleas
pink cytoplasm

Question 3

tumour grading:
* Grade – how closely a tumour resembles its – tissue counterpart
* Well differentiated
* Moderately differentiated
* Poorly differentiated
* Low grade versus high grade

Answer 3

normal

Question 4

tumour staging:
* pTNM staging system – used for –
– Determines patient – and –
– Parameters differ with every tumour —
* T = –
– e.g.: Colorectal carcinoma – based on extent of —
– Renal cell carcinoma – based on extent of tumour – and
tumour –
* N = —
– Lymph nodes positive / negative
– Number of lymph nodes involved important
* M = —
– Present / absent

Answer 4

tumour resections
patient treatment and prognosis
tumour type
tumour
tumour infiltration
infiltration and tumour size
nodes
metastasis