infection w atypical bacteria Flashcards
the difference between mycoplasma and mycobacteria ( for tb ) is that mycoplasma has —
no cell wall
mycoplasma ssp :
1- mycoplasma penunomiae:
location of infection : —– ,atypical penomonia
- geographic : —
- spread by —- and through —
- outbreaks; living in —
- age: more common in — and —
2- mycoplasma homins/genitalium/ureatlyticum:
- location: —- as — and —
- nothing ab geography
- spread: many — colonised and increase w —
- no outbreaks and anything ab age
lungs , UTI & LRTI ( bronchitis, pneumonia ) , atypical
worldwide
respiratory droplets and perso to person
close quarters
children and young adults
gentital tract as uthertiris ad cervicitis
healthy asymptomatic adults
increased w sexual activity
M.penunoiae:
- diagnosis by —- as – sample and through —
- treated by —-
- prevention by —- , —-
genital mycoplasma spp :
- diagnosis by—
- treatment by —
- prevention by —
NAAT ( resp sample ) and serology
macrolide as clarithromycin and treated also by doxyclicins
hand hygiene n cough ettiquette
NATT ) ao-genital swab )
doxyclins
safe sexual practice
the rickettsiae:
* Gram- – obligate — bacteria
* Zoonosis
– Many species
– Variety of infections transmitted by – , – and –
– Usually — , – ,— + suggestive — history
* Multiply at the – of inoculation →
– Disseminate throughout the body →
* Localisation in the – cells of small –
-ve
intracellular
fleas ticks and mitrs
fever rash thrombocytopenia and exposure history
site
endothelial cells
small blood vessels
rickettsia species:
Diagnosis
* Serology
– – fold rise in —-specific antibody titres in paired — samples
* — (skin or blood)
Treatment
* —
Prevention
* Wear long-sleeved protective clothing and broad-brimmed hat where human contact with ticks, lice, mites or fleas
may occur
* DEET-containing insect repellent
* Examine skin for possible bites
4 folds
IgG
serum
PCR
doxyclins
distinguishing characteristics between common rickettsiae:
1- spotted fever:
- disease is —
- organsim is ricketsia —
- geographically in north , central , South American
-transmission to humans by —
- rash is only —%
2- typhus ca cause two types it could be epidemic and murine
- epidemic typhus is by the organisms ricketssiae — by which its found in Africa, S. America, Eastern US, Mexico,
Asia, Continental Europe, tthe transmission is by — since the resverior is — , the rash is —%
- murine typhus us by rickettsia — and the geographic spread is — , the transmission to humans us by — and the rash is –%
rocky mountain spotted fever
rickettsii
ticks ( reservoir is dogs rodent and ticks)
90%
prowazekii
human body lice
humas
100%
rickettsia typhu
worldwide
rate cats fleas ( reservoir is rats mice and cats )
80%
Q fever - coxiella burnetii:
1-Acute infection:
* Cattle, sheep, goats are common reservoir
* Spread by – of infected animal birth products or excreta
* Incubation period: – days, range — days
* — (50%)
* — illness,—
* Atypical —
* —
* Pregnancy:
– Usually – , but increased risk of –
death / growth — / – delivery
2- Chronic infection:
* Infection lasting > –
* 1-5% infected people
* Most common manifestation = culture- –
* — , vascular — infection, chronic –
disease, –
* More likely if:
– —
– —
– Underlying – or – disease
aeolisation
20 days between 14-39
asymptomatic
flue like and dry cough
atypical pneumonia
hepatitis
asymtpmatic
intrauterine
retardation
premature
>6 months
culture -ve endocarditis
osteomyelitis
graft
liver
pericarditis
preggo immunocompreomsied and valvular and vascular disease
coxiella brunetii:
- diagnosis:
* Serology
– Acute infection: — antibodies
elevated
– Chronic infection: — antibodies
elevated
* Nucleic acid
amplification testing
(NAAT)– (not commonly available)
- treatment:
acute by —
chronic by —- and — for – course
- preventing by — exposure
anti- phase II
anti-phase I
doxycyclines
doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine for longer course
minimise
chlamydia pneumonia:
info : world wide — pneumonia
spread though — and –
outbreaks is living in —- as — and —
more common in — ad seroprevalence – w age
infection is often — or —
chalmydia psittaci:
info: zoonsis
spread: — by — od dried infected bird dropping or secretions of infected bird live or dead )
outbreaks —- , aviaries , — , poultry processing —
infection is often — or —
atypical
respiratory or person to person
close quarters as military barracks n nursing homes
older Adults as it increases w age
asytomoatic or mild symtpoms
airborne
inhalation
pet shops , vet hospitals and plants
young and middle aged adults ( has been descried in all age groups)
often aysmtpamtic or mild symptoms
c pneumonia:
- incubation period is :
- respiratory disease:
- extra pulmonary manifestation:
c psittaci:
- incubation period —
- respiratory disease —
- complication is – but — as — , and if — can be life threating
3-4 weeks
pneumonia and pharyngitis
manifesting:
- Meningo-encephalitis
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- Reactive arthritis
- Myocarditis
1-3 weeks
acute flue like symptoms as fever and pneumonia
rare but severe as:
- Respiratory failure
- Hepatitis
- Endocarditis
- Encephalitis
preggooo
chlamydia trachomatis:
EYES
* —
– Serovars — - –
* — (adults, neonatal conjunctivitis)
– – source
– Serovars - to -
RESPIRATORY TRACT
* —
– Serovars - to -
GENITALIA
* — (urethritis / cervicitis)
– Serovars - to -
* — (LGV)
– Serovars – - –
trachoma
A-C
conjuctovitis
gentical
d to k
Neonatal pneumonia
d to k
sexually trans,itted infection STI
d to k
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
L1-L3
1- Trachoma:
diagnosis by —
treatment by —
prevention by —
2- conjunctivitis :
diagnosis by — from —
treatment by — and u must treat —
prevention —
3- STI:
diagnosis by —- from Vulvovaginal swabs , Endocervical swabs , First-catch urine, Urethral swabs
Rectal swabs
treatment by — and u must treat — and — for other STI
prevention —
4-LGV :
diagnosis by — from — buboes and —
treatment by aspirate buboes — and treat — and test for other —
prevention —
clinical
SAFE ( surgery , antibiotic as azirhtomycin , facial cleanliness , environmental improvement )
SAFE
NAAT from conjunctival swab
macrolide as azithromycin or by doxycycline n u must treat mom n partner
prevented by mum safe sexual practice , prenatal maternal screening
NAAT
macrolide or doxyclyclins
treat partner n test for other sti
safe sexual practice
NAAT by aspirated buboes n serology
aspirate buboes doxyclins and treat partner n test for other sti
safe sexua; practice
