intro to lifestyle medicine

Question 1

lifestyle medicine:
* — based speciality
* Science and application of healthy lifestyles for the — and — of diseases
* Foundations embedded in key health behaviours strongly linked to —
definition:
“Lifestyle Medicine is the use of evidence-based lifestyle
therapeutic approaches, such as predominantly whole food, plant-
based diet, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, stress
management, avoidance of risky substance use, and other non-
drug modalities to treat, reverse and prevent lifestyle-related
chronic disease” (American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM)
* “Lifestyle Medicine is the application of — , — , — and — principles to the
management of lifestyle-related health problems in a clinical
setting, including self-care and self-management” (Egger et al.
Lifestyle Medicine, 2017, Elsevier)

Answer 1

evidence
prevention n treatment
chronic disease
environmental behabviroal medical n motivational

Question 2

why lifestyle medicine:
* Burden of disease = the sum
of — and —
* Measured using the —
* — represents the loss
of one year of healthy life
* i.e., losing one year in good health eitherbecause of premature
death, or because of disease or disability

Answer 2

mortality n morbidity
Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)
ONE DALY

Question 3

conventional vs lifestyle medicine:
conventinal:
treats —-
patient is — recient care
painter not required to make —
treatment is often —
responsibility is on —
emhazies on — and —
medication is often the —
goal is —-
little consideration of —
doctors generaly operates —
lifestyle:
treats —
patient is — partner in care
patient is required to make —
treatment is always —
responsibility is —- w the patient
medication maybe needed but emphasis on —
goal is —–
more consideration of —
doctor is a part of the team

Answer 3

risk factors
big changes
short term
clinician
diagnosis n prescription
end treatment
disease management
environment
independly
lifestyle cuases
active
big changes
long term
shared
motivation n compliance
lifestyle change
primary 2ndary and tertiary prevention
environment

Question 4

lifestyle medicine focuses on:

Answer 4

1-nutrition :
* Standard “Western” Diet
* FAD Diets
* Mayo Clinic Diet
* American Heart Association
Diet
* Mediterranean Diet
* Whole foods plant based Diet
2-excresise
3- tobacco n alcohol
4- healthy rs
5-sleep
6-stress management

Question 5

-45% of US deaths in 2012 from heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes associated with —
* Highest percentage of cardiometabolic disease related death (9.5%) related
to excess consumption of –

Answer 5

poor nutrions
sodium

Question 6

health benefits:

Answer 6

• Cardiovascular diseases
• 33% reduction
• 50% or greater risk reduction (aerobic fitness)
• Reduced mortality in breast cancer and colon cancer
• Breast cancer: 20% reduction
• Colon cancer: 30% reduction
• Osteoporosis
• Routine PA is associated with improved bone health
• Hypertension
• 32% risk reduction
• 50% or greater risk reduction (aerobic fitness)
• Diabetes
• 40% risk reduction
• 50% or greater risk reduction (aerobic fitness)
  Sleep
  National sleep foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations: final report. (2015)

Question 7

substance use:

Answer 7

• Young Irish Adults (15-34 years)
• Cannabis 13.8%
• MDMA 4.4%
• Cocaine 3.9%
• Amphetamines 0.6%

Question 8

lifestyle medicine:
* Is aimed at modifying —
and — bases of disease, rather than — disease
* Requires the patient to be an — partner in the process rather than a passive recipient of care
* Uses — processes based on principles of — change, including – and — skills

Answer 8

behaviroal n lifestyle
rather than treating the disease
active
psychological
behavior changes
motivation n motivational skills

Question 9

impact on behaviour change in practice:
* Significant advances in science
and pharmacology since late
1800’s
* Causes of and treatments for
many infectious diseases
identified
* BUT – primary and major first
line of defence for infectious
diseases = — change & — improvement
* Reflected in reduction in —
cases PRIOR to discovering
streptomycin (therapeutic) and
a vaccine (preventative)
whats involved in behaviour changes:
* Acknowledging and understanding that there is a need for —- change
* The — it takes to make the
change
* Support to plan for and execute the
change (healthcare professionals, family,
friends)
* Goal-setting – small and larger goals
* Very importantly – — healthcare
professionals
– Understanding of behaviour change
techniques
– Key clinical skill = —

Answer 9

bhevaour and environmental
TB
lifestyle behavior change
motivation
trained
Motivational Interviewing

Question 10

summary:
* Lifestyle Medicine is fundamental to all clinical practice, medical and surgical
* Making lifestyle changes always involves Health —
* Changing health behaviours is particularly difficult
* Behaviour change advice requires specialised — skills from healthcare
professionals
* Based on theories of behaviour change,
* e.g., Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
* Motivational interviewing
* Behaviour change techniques

Answer 10

behavior change
communication