pathology Flashcards
what are the four respiratory defenses
particle deposition from turbinates
mucociliary escalator
alveolar macrophages
inflammation and immune response
number one cause of congestion and edema in the lungs
increased capillary hydrostatic pressure from L CHF
what is a major cause of thrombosis
endothelial damage
what causes endothelial damage
gram negative septicemia
embolus
any foreign body circulating in the blood
what can cause decreased oncotic pressure and tertiary pulmonary edema
nephritis and or cirrhosis
what are the four main causes of atelectasis
fetal
obstructive
compressive
hypostatic
example of something that causes compressive atelectasis
pyothorax, chylothorax, pneumothorax. fluid, pus, air
forced expiration in ruminants causes what
interstitial emphysema
primary lung epithelial tumors originate from ___________ and are frequently located in ___________
alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium, pulmonary hilum
where is bronchopneumonia located
cranioventral and firm
interstitial pneumonia route of entry
aerogenous or hematogenous
what causes fibrin
severe acute vascular damage.
describe fibrinous pneumonia
cranioventral consolidation with fibrin on the pleural surface
what are two sequelae to fibrinous bronchopneumonia
pleural adhesions and lung sequestrum
how can you distinguish aspiration pneumonia
foul smell and unilateral distribution
what are the common etiologies for diffuse interstitial pneumonia
viral, gas, allergy
what is the key feature of diffuse interstitial pneumonia
inflammation of the alveoli/alveolar walls inhibits lung from collapsing
multifocal lesions with white center and red halo?
embolic pneumonia
three top causes of embolic pneumonia
RCHF endocarditis, jugular thrombosis, hepatic abscesses rupture into the vena cava.
dorsal distribution of nodular granulomas
verminous pneumonia
pig comes in with dorsal diaphragmatic pneumonia with fibrin. what is the agent and what is the type?
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, fibrinous bronchopneumonia even though it is the wrong location
highly pathogenic bacteria that cause fibrinous bronchopneumonia
M. haemolytica, A. pleuropneumoniae
what is bronchiectasis
dilation and rupture of bronchial wall due to enzymatic effect of neutrophils and macrophages. irreversible
