drugs for lungs Flashcards
three commonly used antitussive agents
morphine, butorphanol, hydrocodone
three main classes of bronchodilators
B adrenergic, methylxanthines, anticholinergics
what is the action of B adrenergic drugs for lungs
decrease release of inflammatory mediators, increase mucociliary clearance, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation
adverse effects of B adrenergics
CNS excitement, tachycardia, twitches, inhibits uterine motility
one thing to consider for b adrenergic drugs
they have a fast tolerance.
give a break between doses or give with a GC
what are our three b adrenergic drugs and what species are they used
terbutaline (dog/cat) clenbuterol (horses)
albuterol
what drug can we not use in food animals for bronchodilation
clenbuterol. muscle mass effects
b adrenergic drugs have a drug interaction with ______
anti-arrythmic drugs
where does Methylxanthines act
PDE inhibitor. causes increase in cAMP and bronchodilation
what is more effective B adrenergic agonists or methylxanthines
B adrenergic agonists
what are our three methylxanthines
theophyllINE (dog cat)
aminophylLINE
caffeINE (foals calves)
what is a major thing you need to remember about theophylline PK
the doses differ for all species and all formulations. look it up before you give it
theophylline drug interactions?
many. lots of common drugs. check before you prescribe to patient
how do anticholinergics work on lungs
inhibit vagally mediated smooth muscle tone causing relaxation and bronchodilation, also decreased vagal tone everywhere
what are our anticholinergic drugs
atropine
glycopyrrolate
buscopan (horses)
when do we use anticholinergics.
in respiratory dominant emergency issues (acute asthma)
what is the side effect poem for anticholinergics
cant pee
cant see
cant spit
cant shit (ILEUS)
why dont antihistamines work well in the lungs
antihistamines: only for allergic disease otherwise not the right inflammatory mediator
do we use NSAIDs in lung issues?
sometimes: if fever and systemic inflammation, YES
if asthma, no leukotrienes are responsible here
advantages of inhalant therapies
high [] of drug at the site, fraction of the systemic dose, minimal to no systemic absorption
inhaled drug delivery depends on
respiratory depth and rate
tidal volume
airflow rate
major disadvantage with inhalant therapies
cost
how is drug delivered in a nebulizer
as a vaporized steam or mist
three classes of inhalant therapies
antiinflammatory
bronchodilators
antibacterial (sometimes)
when do we reach for GC in inhalant therapies
inflammation in the airways mediated by leukotrienes
what drugs help B adrenergic agonists
GC by increases the number/presence of B2 receptors in the cells.
what are our three GC inhalants and which one is the best
fluticasone (best)
beclomethasone
ciclesonide (equine)
what is our anticholinergic drug for inhalant therapy
ipratropiumbromide
uses of inhalant ipratropium bromide
bronchodilation and decrease in mucous secretions
inhalant medication of choice to treat acute exacerbations of bronchoconstriction
b2 adrenergic agonists
t/f b2 adrenergic agonists help control inflammatory pathways
FALSE. need secondary therapy for inflammation
inhalant medication choice in all species for acute respiratory distress
(b2 agon) albuterol (+steroids)
what is an issue with using B2 adrenergic agonists?
the @ enantiomer can cause an increase in inflammation and reactivity. when given with GCs they help limit these effects
what is our rule with giving antibacterials for URT infections`
10 day rule. if the patient cant clear the infection or it gets worse in 10 days you can consider giving antimicrobials
what drugs are used to treat R. equi
macrolides because granulomatous infection
