bactierology

Question 1

how do you treat LRT infections

Answer 1

systemic therapy +- nebulization therapy, hydration for mucociliary elevator, SC

Question 2

in a TTW, what should cytology look like

Answer 2

low total number of cells and very few neuts

Question 3

three ways to distinguish URT from LRT

Answer 3

clinical signs (RR), physical exam ascult, rads/CBC/US

Question 4

what nonimmunological things prevent respiratory infections

Answer 4

anatomy and horizontal head position, normal flora, sneezing and coughing, mucociliary clearance

Question 5

what is the major non immunological mechanism of the respiratory tract

Answer 5

mucociliary clearance defense

Question 6

major defense mechanism of the alveoli

Answer 6

pulmonary alveolar macrophages that help clear out bacti that make it to the alveoli

Question 7

why is GA a risk factor for bacterial respiratory infections

Answer 7

abnormal positioning

Question 8

two ways bacti enter the respiratory tract

Answer 8

inhalation or hematogenous: diffuse lesion without a clear relationship to the airway

Question 9

septic lymphadenitis in a horse is consistent with what bacterial infection

Answer 9

S. equi equi

Question 10

where are strep equi located in carrier animals

Answer 10

gutteral pouch chondroids

Question 11

treatment for strangles

Answer 11

drain abscess and SC unless its extremely severe case or extremely early then antibiotics

Question 12

cervical lymphadenitis in pigs, horses and cats can be caused by what

Answer 12

streptococcus

Question 13

bacteria likely responsible for the destruction of sneezing, nasal turbinates in young pigs

Answer 13

B. bronchiseptica damages mucosa then p. multocida D causes bone resorption

Question 14

common tracheobronchial infections in dogs

Answer 14

kennel cough (bord. bronch)

Question 15

what are the most important contagious diseases in horses

Answer 15

strangles

Question 16

most important contagious disease in canine

Answer 16

canine infectious respiratory disease

Question 17

unique features about mycobacterium

Answer 17

strict anaerobes, acid fast, intracellular in macrophages (hard to treat), zoonotic

Question 18

what does M. bovis cause

Answer 18

tuberculosis in bovine and sometimes humans

Question 19

bovine with cough, ADR, on and off fever, decreased weight, caseous necrosis of lung and lymph node

Answer 19

mycobacterium bovis

Question 20

what specific histological diseases does M. bovis cause

Answer 20

granuloma with central necrosis with giant epitheloid cells

Question 21

T/F we are working to erradicate m. bovis

Answer 21

false. wild pops keep it active

Question 22

what to do with reactor positive cow to m. bovis

Answer 22

cull and isolate herd from other animals.

Question 23

T/F pneumonia in equine is a staged process

Answer 23

most of the time true. starts with initial bacterial compromise then the more serious bacti continue to move in as damage continues

Question 24

when do the strict anaerobes infect equine

Answer 24

around a week after initial pathogens infect. and they indicate poor prognosis.

Question 25

what two bacteria responsible for septicemia can cause pneumonia

Answer 25

H. somni in cattle and salmonella dublin in calves

Question 26

in the bloodstream where do we have macrophages that recognize bacteria

Answer 26

spleen and liver

Question 27

T/F transient bacteriemia occurs with acute conditions that are cleared in a few hours

Answer 27

F they are acute infections that are cleared within 30 mins. very fast

Question 28

what animals are the most susceptible

Answer 28

neonatal that have lost their mothers antibodies or that have FPT

Question 29

two main routes bacteria enter the blood stream

Answer 29

direct inoculation or spread from initial site through lymphatics or vessels

Question 30

what are the signs of traumatic reticulopericarditis

Answer 30

consistent with R CHF. distended jugular, brisket edema, bottle jaw

Question 31

what is navel ill

Answer 31

septicemia from an umbilical infection. can seed into joints, lungs etc

Question 32

what is the primary cause of death from an infection

Answer 32

getting septic shock or sepsis

Question 33

what do you need to diagnose sepsis

Answer 33

suspicion or confirmed presence, then 2-3 of the SIRS criteria

Question 34

gram stain and defining shape of bacillus anthracis

Answer 34

G+ rod that is huge and shaped very rectangular

Question 35

how is anthrax transmitted

Answer 35

spores that are ingested, in haled or through the vegetative form (mostly human thing)

Question 36

what helps B. anthracis cause disease?

Answer 36

capsule resists phagocytosis, and toxins either cause edema or death

Question 37

who is most susceptible to b. anthracis and what toxin is major reactor

Answer 37

cattle and sheep most susceptible and the lethal toxin plays a major role. pigs are the exact opposite.

Question 38

most common presenting signs in ruminants with b. anthracis

Answer 38

sudden death with tarry blood coming out all orifices

Question 39

what are the three forms of anthrax in humans

Answer 39

cutaneous, pulmonary and GI

Question 40

how to dispose of an anthrax positive body?

Answer 40

call state vet. bury deep with quick lime or incinerate

Question 41

what are our obligate intracellular CV bacteria

Answer 41

anaplasma marginale, rickettsia rickettsii, ehrlichia canis, chlamydia psittici, mycoplasma haemofelis,

Question 42

what cells does RMSF vs E. canis target?

Answer 42

endothelial cells and monocytes

Question 43

what animals does anaplasmosis cause the most disease? icteric MM, weakness, fever, hemolytic anemia

Answer 43

older animals. calves are resistant

Question 44

what is the treatment for RMSF vs E. canis

Answer 44

doxycycline, longer duration for erlichia (28 days)

Question 45

dog vascular bacteria that causes fever, lymphadenopathy, petechial hemorrhage, edema and maybe ocular hemorrhage

Answer 45

RMSF and E. canis.

Question 46

reservoir host for RMSF

Answer 46

wild rodents

Question 47

reservoir host for E. canis

Answer 47

canids only domestic and wild

Question 48

R. ricketsii vs E. canis. who can have subclinical carriers if they are not treated acutely or properly

Answer 48

E. canis.

Question 49

how do you treat chlamydia psittici in pet birds vs food flocks

Answer 49

pets can have doxycycline but all food animal birds can get chlortetracycline

Question 50

how does mycoplasmosis haemofelis infect

Answer 50

vectors or transplacental. is very superficial on RBC and can have variable shape (contrast anaplasma)

Question 51

what is cat scratch fever and what is actually causing it?

Answer 51

bartonella henselae. in the fecal material of fleas. cats get flea dirt under their claws and get it into a human when they scratch you.

Question 52

what is the importance of bartonellosis

Answer 52

it is an important ddx in dogs with valvular endocarditis. cats don't typically show any signs with infection