bactierology Flashcards
how do you treat LRT infections
systemic therapy +- nebulization therapy, hydration for mucociliary elevator, SC
in a TTW, what should cytology look like
low total number of cells and very few neuts
three ways to distinguish URT from LRT
clinical signs (RR), physical exam ascult, rads/CBC/US
what nonimmunological things prevent respiratory infections
anatomy and horizontal head position, normal flora, sneezing and coughing, mucociliary clearance
what is the major non immunological mechanism of the respiratory tract
mucociliary clearance defense
major defense mechanism of the alveoli
pulmonary alveolar macrophages that help clear out bacti that make it to the alveoli
why is GA a risk factor for bacterial respiratory infections
abnormal positioning
two ways bacti enter the respiratory tract
inhalation or hematogenous: diffuse lesion without a clear relationship to the airway
septic lymphadenitis in a horse is consistent with what bacterial infection
S. equi equi
where are strep equi located in carrier animals
gutteral pouch chondroids
treatment for strangles
drain abscess and SC unless its extremely severe case or extremely early then antibiotics
cervical lymphadenitis in pigs, horses and cats can be caused by what
streptococcus
bacteria likely responsible for the destruction of sneezing, nasal turbinates in young pigs
B. bronchiseptica damages mucosa then p. multocida D causes bone resorption
common tracheobronchial infections in dogs
kennel cough (bord. bronch)
what are the most important contagious diseases in horses
strangles
most important contagious disease in canine
canine infectious respiratory disease
unique features about mycobacterium
strict anaerobes, acid fast, intracellular in macrophages (hard to treat), zoonotic
what does M. bovis cause
tuberculosis in bovine and sometimes humans
bovine with cough, ADR, on and off fever, decreased weight, caseous necrosis of lung and lymph node
mycobacterium bovis
what specific histological diseases does M. bovis cause
granuloma with central necrosis with giant epitheloid cells
T/F we are working to erradicate m. bovis
false. wild pops keep it active
what to do with reactor positive cow to m. bovis
cull and isolate herd from other animals.
T/F pneumonia in equine is a staged process
most of the time true. starts with initial bacterial compromise then the more serious bacti continue to move in as damage continues
when do the strict anaerobes infect equine
around a week after initial pathogens infect. and they indicate poor prognosis.
what two bacteria responsible for septicemia can cause pneumonia
H. somni in cattle and salmonella dublin in calves
in the bloodstream where do we have macrophages that recognize bacteria
spleen and liver
T/F transient bacteriemia occurs with acute conditions that are cleared in a few hours
F they are acute infections that are cleared within 30 mins. very fast
what animals are the most susceptible
neonatal that have lost their mothers antibodies or that have FPT
two main routes bacteria enter the blood stream
direct inoculation or spread from initial site through lymphatics or vessels
what are the signs of traumatic reticulopericarditis
consistent with R CHF. distended jugular, brisket edema, bottle jaw
what is navel ill
septicemia from an umbilical infection. can seed into joints, lungs etc
what is the primary cause of death from an infection
getting septic shock or sepsis
what do you need to diagnose sepsis
suspicion or confirmed presence, then 2-3 of the SIRS criteria
gram stain and defining shape of bacillus anthracis
G+ rod that is huge and shaped very rectangular
how is anthrax transmitted
spores that are ingested, in haled or through the vegetative form (mostly human thing)
what helps B. anthracis cause disease?
capsule resists phagocytosis, and toxins either cause edema or death
who is most susceptible to b. anthracis and what toxin is major reactor
cattle and sheep most susceptible and the lethal toxin plays a major role. pigs are the exact opposite.
most common presenting signs in ruminants with b. anthracis
sudden death with tarry blood coming out all orifices
what are the three forms of anthrax in humans
cutaneous, pulmonary and GI
how to dispose of an anthrax positive body?
call state vet. bury deep with quick lime or incinerate
what are our obligate intracellular CV bacteria
anaplasma marginale, rickettsia rickettsii, ehrlichia canis, chlamydia psittici, mycoplasma haemofelis,
what cells does RMSF vs E. canis target?
endothelial cells and monocytes
what animals does anaplasmosis cause the most disease? icteric MM, weakness, fever, hemolytic anemia
older animals. calves are resistant
what is the treatment for RMSF vs E. canis
doxycycline, longer duration for erlichia (28 days)
dog vascular bacteria that causes fever, lymphadenopathy, petechial hemorrhage, edema and maybe ocular hemorrhage
RMSF and E. canis.
reservoir host for RMSF
wild rodents
reservoir host for E. canis
canids only domestic and wild
R. ricketsii vs E. canis. who can have subclinical carriers if they are not treated acutely or properly
E. canis.
how do you treat chlamydia psittici in pet birds vs food flocks
pets can have doxycycline but all food animal birds can get chlortetracycline
how does mycoplasmosis haemofelis infect
vectors or transplacental. is very superficial on RBC and can have variable shape (contrast anaplasma)
what is cat scratch fever and what is actually causing it?
bartonella henselae. in the fecal material of fleas. cats get flea dirt under their claws and get it into a human when they scratch you.
what is the importance of bartonellosis
it is an important ddx in dogs with valvular endocarditis. cats don’t typically show any signs with infection
