cardiac parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

PPP of dirofilaria immitis

A

6-7 mo

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2
Q

what is the role of wolbachia

A

needed for dirofilaria to survive and reproduce

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3
Q

where is the primary damage for heart worm

A

pulmonary arteries then heart

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4
Q

what are some common presentations of heartworms in the heart

A

tricuspid insufficiency due to increased atrial pressure, hypertrophy of right ventricle, stenosis of the pulm artery from worms occupying space

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5
Q

what happens when the worms die?

A

vasoactive amines released by worms, causes issues to vessels: thickened, dilated, tortuous, etc

wolbachia releases causing inflammatory cytokines

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6
Q

what test/s recommended for cats suspecting heartworm

A

antibody detection

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7
Q

test/s recommended for dogs

A

microfilaria detection (smear/ knotts)
antigen detection

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8
Q

what does the antigen tests detect

A

antigen found mostly in female reproductive tracts

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9
Q

what would cause a false negative in an antigen test

A

male infection, few female infection, prepatent infection

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10
Q

when do we heat treat the antigen tests for dogs

A

endemic area with no preventative

unknown hx of preventatives

antigen - test with microfilaria

  • tests but highly sus
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11
Q

the only FDA approved preventatives for heartworms are

A

macrocyclic lactones

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12
Q

larvae in the dog more than ______ days are no longer considered susceptible to the drug

A

42-60 days (6-8 weeks)

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13
Q

________ containing products for external parasites can reduce transmission of heartworms to dogs

A

pyrethroid

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14
Q

protocol for treatment if you cant do the arsenical therapy

A

doxy for 4 weeks, monthly oral HW preventative, exercise restriction.

2 consecutive NAD tests 6 mo apart

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15
Q

how is heartworm disease caused in cats

A

small numbers of worms in the pulmonary arteries causes inflammatory reaction. dead worms are more damaging than living

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16
Q

what does babesia look like in RBC

A

pear shaped rings

17
Q

pathogenesis/signs of babesia

A

erythrocyte lysis, DIC.
hemoglobinuria, anemia, icterus, splenomegaly.

18
Q

what transmits babesia in cattle

A

rhipicephalus annulatus. tick is irradicated in the us

19
Q

what transmits babesia in canines

A

rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)

20
Q

dog to dog transmission through fighting is important for transmission of what

A

babesia gibsoni

21
Q

hemoprotozoa infecting bobcats and cats.

A

cytauxzoon felis

22
Q

what transmits cytauxzoon felis

A

amblyomma americanum

23
Q

what is unique about C. felis

A

part in WBC as well as RBC. cats die quick

24
Q

babesia in any species causes:

A

hemoglobinuria, fever

25
Q

what transmits theileria in cattle

A

haemaphysalis longicornis (asian longhorn)

26
Q

IH of trypanosoma cruzi

A

triatomine bug/ kissing bug

27
Q

where does t. cruzi multiply

A

cardiac muscle cells

28
Q

infected dogs with t. cruzi may die peracutely of:

A

acute myocarditis