Past Papers 9 Flashcards
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
Examples:
HAV
HBV
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine - Engerix/ Fendrix
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
Engerix/ Fendrix - HBV
Subunit vaccine
HBsAg
Made by yeast cells inserting recombinant DNA plasmid which produces HBsAg. Following HBsAg production, solution is then purified to remove yeast
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine - Twinrix
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
HAV/HBV combination vaccine
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine - Avaxim/ Havrix/ Vaqta
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
Avaxim/ Havrix/ Vaqta - HAV immunisation
HAV vaccines consist of inactivated hepatitis A antigen purified from human cell culture
inactivated using traces of formaldehyde
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine - Gardasil
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
Gardasil - HPV vaccine
subunit vaccine
The antigen for HPV vaccines is the L1 major capsid protein of HPV, produced by using recombinant DNA technology. L1 proteins self-assemble into noninfectious, nononcogenic units called virus-like particles (VLPs).
Recombinant DNA plasmid in yeast cells to produce L1 proteins (VLPs)
Which viruses have subunit vaccines available?
HBV
HPV
Which viruses have inactivated vaccines available?
Influenza
HAV
Polio (IPV)
Rabies
Which viruses have live attenuated vaccines available?
MMR
Rotavirus
Yellow Fever
Vaccinia/ MPox
VZV
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine - Polio IPV Salk
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
Strain - Salk - contains all 3 polio types
live polio virus grown Vero cell line derived from African green monkey kidney cells is used in polio vaccine production
virus inactivated with formalin
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine - inactivated influenza vaccine
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
antigens - haemagluttinin and neuraminidase
Two methods
- egg based inactivated
- mammalian cell culture
Egg-based vaccine manufacturing is used to make both inactivated (killed) vaccine and live attenuated vaccine
The egg-based production with candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) grown in chicken eggs .
These CVVs are then injected into fertilized chicken eggs and incubated for several days to allow the viruses to replicate. The fluid containing virus is harvested from the eggs.
For inactivated influenza vaccines the vaccine viruses are then inactivated with formalin, and the virus antigen is purified.
This method can also be used for live influenza vaccine
The process of creating cell culture-based flu vaccines involves several steps. First, CDC or one of its laboratory partners, uses influenza viruses that have been grown in cultured mammalian cells to make CVVs, which are then provided to a vaccine manufacturer. Next, the vaccine manufacturer inoculates the CVVs into cultured mammalian cells (instead of into chicken eggs) and allows the CVVs to replicate (i.e., make copies) for a few days. Then, the virus-containing fluid is collected from the cells and the virus antigen is purified. The manufacturing process continues with purification, virus inactivation, and testing.
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine - live influenza vaccine
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
antigens - haemagluttinin and neuraminidase
Strain- A H1N1/ A H3N2/ B Victoria/ Yamagata
Manufacturing process
- virus grown in chick eggs or mammalian cells
- replicated viruses purified
- live vaccine - purified virus used
- inactivated - purified virus ianctivated with formalin
For the nasal live attenuated vaccine, the starting CVVs are used to make live, but weakened viruses that are then used in vaccine production.
Live nasal vaccine weakened as modified to replicate at 25degC, below body temperature. So when administered intranasally, it is less likely to replicate and cause disease
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine - Rabipur
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
Rabipur - rabies vaccine
Inactivated vaccine
Virus propagated through chick embryo cell culture until inactive. Purified via centrifugation
RABIPUR is an inactivated rabies virus vaccine, derived from the fixed-virus strain, Flury LEP. The virus is propagated in a Purified Chick Embryo Cell (PCEC) culture, inactivated using β-propiolactone and purified via centrifugation
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine - oral polio vaccine Sabin
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
Live attenuated polio vaccine
grown in vero cells derived from the kidney of an African green monkey
Vero cells derived from kidney of African green monkey, are commonly used for vaccine production
What are the benefits of this?
They intrinsically contain a deletion in type I interferon genes so cannot produce interferon alpha or beta, making them more susceptible to viral infection
they are also similar to human cells
Name the antigenic component or specific viral strain within these viral vaccines and the
manufacturing process
Candidates will see name of a viral vaccine - Vaccinia
What is:
Antigenic component or specific viral strain
Manufacturing process
Live attenuated Vaccinia protects against Smallpox and Mpox
Uses Ankara virus strain.
serial passage through chick embryo fibroblasts
virus can infect cells, but cannot complete life cycle as cannot form full virions
