Past Paper Corrections Flashcards
What makes embryonic stem cells differentiate and replace any damaged tissue?
Pluripotent and all genes can be switched on
Explain why electrons are passed through the membrane and then how is atp produced -2
Movement of electrons releases energy to pump hydrogen ions
Flow of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase which generates atp
How is genetic material stored in a mitochondria?
Circular chromosomes
Where is circular chromosomes found in Eukaryotes
Chloroplasts, mitochondria
What two functions do non coding regions of the genome do?
Regulate transcription
Transcribed to tRNA
What does the dependent variable show
The thing that is measured as you change something else
What is synthesised by the process of translation?
A polypeptide
Describe alternative mRNA splicing
Different exons are translated from the same primary transcript
Describe sweating in correlation to a decrease in body temperature
Heat energy is evaporated from skin as sweat cools the skin.
What is the general term for a control system that responds to changes in physiology by acting to restore the normal value?
Homeostasis
Describe feedback inhibition
End products is too high at a critical temperature
The end product in high production so it inhibits the enzyme to prevent it from changing shape
Benefit of kin selection
Increase survival of shared genes
What is mitosis
Cell replication of the same nuclei
Complex compounds in agar jelly
Vitamins/fatty acids/beefy extract/amino acids
What components makes up a ribosome
Protein and rRNA
Explain how protein synthesis decreases if a change in sequence of bases
Ribosome is not formed/ mRNA cannot join to ribosome/ change in structure or function or shape of the ribosome/
Name a bond that holds the polypeptide chain in shape?
Hydrogen bonds
Why is the lagging strand in fragments
DNA is replicated from the 5’ to 3’ end
Why does DNA replication occur?
To have An Exact copy of Genetic material is passed to new cell
What is the independent variable?
The variable that you change
Are meristems specialised or unspecialised
Unspecialised
What is a benefit of bacteria of secondary metabolites in a ecological way?
Allows them to put compete other microorganisms
Explain why in vasoconstriction get narrower?
Reduces blood flow to the skin which stops heat loss
Give the term used for animals which can control their internal temperature by negative feedback?
Thermoregulation
Name the bond which in adjacent and holds amino acids together?
Peptide
Name the bond that made between complementary bases
Hydrogen
