3.1 Flashcards
As the world population is increasing the demand for food production…
Increases
What is food security?
Ability for a population to access food of a sufficient quantity and quality.
State what is meant meant by quantity of food?
The amount of food available
State what is meant by food quality?
The food is nutritional and provides a balanced diet
Agriculture production depend on 2 main factors, what are they?
Photosynthesis and growth of plants
To make crops grow better what are used?
Fertilisers
Breeding higher cultivars
Protecting crops
Breeders make crops have desired characteristics such as;
.High nutritional value
.Resistance to pests
.Surviving environmental conditions
.Rearing and harvesting characteristics
Why is live stock, good?
They can be produced when very few crops are growing due to their suitability.
As you go up tropic levels what’s occurs?
About 90% of energy is lost at each level
Define photosynthesis
Using light energy to produce glucose molecules in the leaves of plants
Why is chromatography important?
Separates the pigments in the leaf of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids.
What is the role of carotenoids?
They are accessory pigments which extend the range of wavelengths, of light energy that can be absorbed and captured for photosynthesis.
What three ways light can be interacted by a leaf?
Reflected, transmitted or absorbed
when is there limited absorption due to light being reflected or transmitted ?
500-600nm which is the green region in the spectrum
Chlorophyll a and b is absorbed at
400nm
Chlorophyll a is absorbed at
700-800nm
What is the first stage of photosynthesis called
Photolysis
What occurs in photolysis?
Water is spilt into oxygen (bi-product) and hydrogen ions and electrons, which are transferred by co-enzyme from NADP TO NADPH
What do pigment molecules contain
Electrons
When light energy is absorbed what happens to the electrons
They become excited
What is the second stage of photosynthesis
Calvin cycle
1st stage: what is attached to RuBP
Carbon dioxide
Which enzyme is involved when CO2 is attached to RuBP?
RuBisCo
What is produced when CO2 is attached onto RuBP?
3PG
What happens with 3GP
It is phosphorylated with ATP and Combined with Hydrogen ions
What is produced from the phosphorylation of 3PG with ATP and NADPH
G3P
When electrons transfer through the electron transport chain, what occurs?
Generation of ATP BY ATP Synthase
What happens with the G3P?
. Regenerate RuBP and start the Calvin cycle again
. Used in synthesis of glucose molecules
What can be done with glucose produced from G3P?
Synthesised into starch, cellulose or passed onto bio-synthetic pathways
