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Higher biology > 2.2 > Flashcards

2.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Glycolysis is controlled by

A

Enzymes

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2
Q

Where does Glycolysis happen in

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

How many atp is produced in phase off stage

A

4

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4
Q

How many atp are used in the investment stage

A

2

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5
Q

Total net gain of atp is

A

2 atp

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6
Q

What enzyme releases of hydrogen

A

Dehydrogenase

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7
Q

How is hydrogen carried away from the Adp

A

Carried away by coenzyme NAD to make NADH with electrons

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8
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

Enzyme controlled process, when phosphate is added to a molecule. ATP to ADP + Pi

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9
Q

Pyruvate breaks down into

A

A acetyl group and carbon dioxide and Hydrogen plus electrons
To form Acetyl CoA

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10
Q

Where does the pyruvate enter into the mitochondria ?

A

Into the matrix

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11
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place

A

In the matrix of the mitochondria

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12
Q

How do you make citrate?

A

Acetyl Group (2C) + Oxaloacetate (4C) = citrate (6C)

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13
Q

Citrate gradually changes back into…

A

Oxaloacetate

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14
Q

What is generated throughout the citric acid cycle?

A

ATP

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15
Q

What is released throughout the citric acid cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide and hydrogen plus electrons at each stage

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16
Q

How is hydrogen released?

A

Coenzyme NAD picks up hydrogen ions and electrons released by a dehydrogenase enzyme to produce NADH

17
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

A

Inner membrane in the mitochondria

18
Q

What is used to release electrons and Hydrogen

A

NADH

19
Q

What do electrons excite?

A

Carrier Proteins

20
Q

What does the energy pump?

A

Hydrogen ions from the matrix to the inner membrane space

21
Q

Name the enzyme that transports Hydrogen ions from the inner membrane space to the matrix.

A

ATP synthase

22
Q

Explain ATP synthesis

A

Produces ATP from ADP + Pi as H+ ions return to the matrix through the ATP synthase

23
Q

What combines with electrons in the end of the chain?

A

Oxygen

24
Q

The oxygen molecule will also combine with…

A

2 hydrogen ions to make water

Higher biology (19 decks)

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