2.7

Question 1

Describe wild strain

Answer 1

Natural form of microorganisms and are used for industry for a desirable genetic trait

Question 2

How would scientists improve a wild strains important trait

Answer 2

Mutagenesis
Recombinant DNA technology

Question 3

What is mutagenesis?

Answer 3

Creations of new mutations that are a heritable change in a organisms DNA

Question 4

Describe recombinant DNA technology

Answer 4

Transfer of gene sequences from one organism to another.

Question 5

What is a biological vector

Answer 5

DNA molecule that carries foreign genetic information into another cell

Question 6

What is restriction endonuclease used for

Answer 6

Cut open plasmids
Cut specific genes out of chromosomes

Question 7

Why is it important to use the same restriction endonuclease for plasmid cutting and gene cutting?

Answer 7

Both DNA fragments have complimentary bases to each other that are called sticky ends

Question 8

Enzyme that sticks the DNA fragments together to make a recombinant plasmid

Answer 8

Ligase

Question 9

What are the 4 sites in the plasmid

Answer 9

Restriction site, selectable marker, origin of replication, regulatory sequence

Question 10

Describe the restriction site

Answer 10

Target sequences of DNA where the specific same endonuclease cuts

Question 11

What controls the gene expression of the vectors?

Answer 11

Regulatory sequences

Question 12

What is important about the origin of replication?

Memory for children

Answer 12

Use for self replication of the different vectors. Which is important for generation of new copies of the plasmid

Question 13

Name an example of a selectable marker?

Answer 13

Antibiotic resistant gene

Question 14

What is a selectable marker used for?

Answer 14

Ensure microorganisms have taken up the vector grow in presence of selective agent

Question 15

What is the name given to genes that are introduced to prevent survival of a microorganism in the external environment?

Answer 15

Regulatory sequences for safety

Question 16

Why are artificial chromosomes used instead of a plasmid

Answer 16

Same features but carry more foreign DNA information

Question 17

How likely are mutations?

Answer 17

Rare
Spontaneous

Question 18

What is an effect of mutations?

Answer 18

Detrimental effect to the organism

Question 19

Why are yeast used instead of bacteria for DNA recombinant technology?

Answer 19

Polypeptides can fold incorrectly in a bacteria. Active genes proteins whereas in bacteria they are not.

Question 20

What are examples of vectors?

Answer 20

Plasmids, artificial chromosomes

Question 21

What is a sticky end?

Answer 21

A complementary section of a gene from the chromosome

Question 22

What does the action spectrum of photosynthesis show the ability of green plants to do?

Answer 22

Use different wavelengths of light for photosynthesis