1.7/1.8 Flashcards
Stabilising selection
Phenotype at both extremes are removed from the gene pool and the common phenotypes remain.
Disruptive selection
Those with at the bottom extremes are favoured and remain in the gene pool. There are two separate mean results for the phenotype.
Horizontal gene transfer
Genes passed between different individuals in the same generation . In prokaryotes. Evolve faster than vertical transfer
Directional selection
Those phenotype at one extreme is favoured and the others remain in the gene pool. The mean of phenotypes moves towards the left or right.
Vertical gene transfer
Genes are passed from generation to generation. Sexual or asexual reproduction. Slower than horizontal.
Vertical transfer in sexual reproduction
Genes combined from 2 parents. This results in genetic variation.
What is Vertical transfer in asexual reproduction
1 parent making copies of itself. Becomes genetically identical.
Advantageous natural selection
The non random increase in the occupancy of DNA sequences that increase survival.
Disadvantageous natural selection
Natural selection is the non random decrease of occurrence of deleterious sequences which results in a decrease chance of survival
Describe a molecular clock
A technique used to when two or more species diverged. It shows the differences of amino acid or DNA sequence to identify a common ancestor .
Describe pharmacogenetics
Use of genome information to choose the correct drugs. Knowing the genetic code could predict the dosage of medicine for their personal diseases.
Describe Bioinformatics
Process of comparing data with different sequences of DNA. Use of computer. To show how closely related the organisms are
Describe Phylogenetics
Describe- the use of DNA sequence data and fossil evidence. To identify differences of evolution to estimate when lineages diverged.
What does a Phylogenetic tree show?
Closely related organisms will mutate that alter the genome. Where new species are produced.
