1.1-1.3 Flashcards
Replication stage 1-3
Parental strand unwinds, weak temporary hydrogen bonds break, two template strands expose bases
Replication stage 4
Primers attach at 3’ end and free nucleotides bind with new weak temporary hydrogen bonds.
Stage 5 replication
Nucleotides are added by DNA polymerase to control the sugar-phosphate bonds which are identical to parent strand
Step 6
2 identical strands are formed and rewind
Describe leading strand
Nucleotides are added continuously towards the DNA fork. Uses DNA polymerase
Describe lagging strand
Primers attach at the 3’ end of the template, uses DNA polymerase to extend. Discontinuous and uses DNA ligase to attach small fragments
Describe denaturation
90°C separation of strands
Describe Annealing
60°C allows primers to bond
Describe Extending
70°C allows heat tolerant DNA polymerase to add bases by replicating the region of DNA
Requirements for PCR
Specific sequence primers
Free nucleotides
Heat tolerant DNA polymerase to stop denaturation.
Practical use for PCR
Paternity tests
Enzyme in synthesis of primary transcript
RNA polymerase
Describe gene expression
Information from a gene is used in a synthesis of products
Transcription- when dna unwinds the weak hydrogen bonds break exposing bases by the use of…
RNA polymerase
Transcription- what approaches the unzipped DNA molecule?
Free RNA nucleotides
