Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Virology > past general > Flashcards

past general Flashcards

1
Q

True/false: Prions are resistant to proteases

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prion pathogens do not contain?

A

Nucleic acid (proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Affinity Chromatography uses?

A

Viruses adsorb to specific antibodies, rinsing to remove impurities and then elution with buffer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which disease was recently eradicated from earth?

A

Small pox and rinderpest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How did virus get its name?

A

A scientist used a filter whose pores were smaller than the bacteria so the bacteria was not filtered, but following further investigation, it was found that the filtrate contained a smaller form of infectious agent. This agent multiplies only in dividing cells and it was made of particles – it was called contagium vivum fluidum (soluble living germ) and later was simply called virus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are airborne viruses contracted?

A

Breathed in through the respiratory tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the given name for Goose Disease?

A

Goose Parvovirus (Derzsy’s Disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What virus is propagated in the Chorioallantoin?

A

Pox and Herpesvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is eclipse?

A

Eclipse is the expression of genetic information. It is the step in virus multiplication involving transcription, translation and replication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Genetic part of a virion?

A

DNA/RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The role of Rdrp in Retrovirus?

A

(RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase) Replication of RNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. How do bacteriophages get into the host cell?
A

Penetration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a prion?

A

A prion is a small protein capable of infecting a cell and causing itself to replicate even though it contains no nucleic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True/false:

Virions always contain lipids.

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True/false:

Virions with quasihelical nucleocapsids are enveloped.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ture/false:

Virions with quasihelical capsids are never enveloped.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True/false:

Pleomorphic capsids may not have an envelope.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Please mark which is true:

a) Mutations are more frequent in cellular organisms than in viruses
b) The effects of mutations are always advantageous for viruses
c) Mutation may alter the host specificity of a virus
d) Mutant viruses cannot be used as vaccine strains.

A

c) Mutation may alter the host specificity of a virus

19
Q

How do we call the process when the antigenic structure of a virus suddenly changes due to reassortment?

A

Antigenic shift.

20
Q

How does the enveloped virus enter the cell?

A

Membrane fusion

21
Q

True/false:

Viruses can only propagate in living cells.

A

True

22
Q

Contact Inhibition:

A

When the cytoplasmic membrane edges of growing cells touches each other causing an inhibition to growth (forms a primary monolayer of cells)

23
Q

What do you call the infective part of the virus?

A

Virion

24
Q

Where do RNA viruses multiply?

A

In the cytoplasm

25
Q

How to investigate virus neutralisation test?

A

Use blocking antibodies that will adsorb to the receptors of the cell so virus cant adsorb to the cell too.

  • Constant virus varying serum dilution: Serial 2fold serum solution, add virus, incubate (antibodies will neutralise the virus), inoculate cell cultures, incubate, CPEs.
  • Constant serum varying virus dilution: 2 Serial 10fold virus dilutions, add +and-serum, incubate, inoculate cell cultures, incubate, CPEs.
26
Q

Monoclonal antibodies

A

Antibodies which are the same as they were produced by identical immune cells who were all clones of a unique parent cell.

27
Q

What proteins are found in prions?

A

Cellular prion protein, Infectious prion protein.

28
Q

What is the genetic part of the virion?

A

The nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)

29
Q

Haemagglutination:

A

This is the clumping together of red blood cells. Tests include: Haemagglutination test, haemagglutination inhibition test.

30
Q

Concentration of a virus sample?

A

Precipitation, adsorption, dialysis, ultrafiltration, pelletisation.

31
Q

Virus titer:

A
  • Infective titer: the highest dilution of the virus in which 50% CPEs occur.
  • Haemagglutination titer: the highest dilution of the virus in which haemagglutination has not yet occurred.
32
Q

Restriction nucleases:

A

cleave proteins at specific DNA sequences.

33
Q

Cells removed from a monoculture:

A

Can then be used in a subculture and propagated further.

34
Q

What type of sample is required for Ataxia in a horse?

A

Conjunctival and nasal swabs, liquor cerebrospinalis, EDTA blood. (Ataxia is a neurological sign consisting of a lack of coordinating movements)

35
Q

Propagation of African Swine Fever:

A

experimental infection of living animals

36
Q

Acridin Orange Test:

A

Tests for the presence of either ss/ds DNA/RNA.
-Green fluorescence when bound to dsDNA.
–Red fluorescence when bound to ssDNA or RNA.

37
Q

Does a greenish-yellow colour mean a doublestranded virus?

A

Yes

38
Q

Vaccines:

A

Live (attenuated, virulent, heterotypic, virus-vectored), inactivated, subunit, anti-idiotype.

39
Q

Active Immunity:

A

Stimulation of an immune response by the body by a specific antigen (injecting a weaker live virus into the body so that the body itself must produce antibodies against the viral antigens), preventative method, long term immunity.

40
Q

On which part of the virus is the lipid found?

A

Envelope.

41
Q

PCR-Colour:

A

Green-dsDNA,

Red-ssDNA/RNA

42
Q

What is the method of a hemolysis test using sheep blood?

A
  • Haemagglutination Titre: serial 2fold dilution, add washed RBCs of appropriate species, incubate->titer is the highest dilution of virus where there is no haemagglutination as of yet.
  • Haemagglutination inhibition: serial 2fold dilution of serum sample, add 4-8HA units of virus, incubate, add washed RBCs->titer is the highest dilution where there is no HA.
43
Q

Amino Acid sequence of haemagluttinating protease cleavage site of Influenza A may cause?

A

Will cleave the Hemaglutinin of the virus-this must be cleaved by cellular proteases to be active as a fusion protein and cause infection.

Virology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions