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Virology > 13: medicines > Flashcards

13: medicines Flashcards

1
Q

Active immunization:

A
  • preventive method - most widespread form of control viral diseases and prevent economic losses - drawback: coexistence with the virus –> most vaccines do not prevent infection!
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2
Q

General rules about immunization against viral diseases:

A
  • inhibitory effect of maternal antibodies - negative phase - vaccination schedules - avoid immunosuppression
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3
Q

Vaccine types:

A
  • monovalent - polyvalent
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4
Q

Types of live virus vaccines:

A

* Virulent (wild type) virus vaccines

* Attenuated vaccines:

  • Naturally occurring mutants (isolation)
  • artificially attenuated viruses
  • heterotypic vaccines
  • virus-vectored vaccines
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5
Q

Virulent (wild type) virus vaccines:

A

different entry site e.g: contagious echtyma (orf)

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6
Q

Naturally occurring mutants (isolation):

A

Newcastle disease

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7
Q

artificially attenuated viruses:

A
  • serial passages (in alien host, in embryonated eggs, in cell cultures)
  • selection of thermo-sensitive mutants
  • genetic modification (deletion mutants)

–> marker, DIVA vaccines (IBR, Aujeszkys disease)

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8
Q

Heterotypic vaccines:

A
  • Marek´s disease
  • turkey herpes
  • Small pox
  • vaccinia virus
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9
Q

Virus-vectored vaccines:

A

introduction of anitgens into apathogen viruses

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10
Q

What is special about Inactivated (killed) vaccines?

A

the virus is not able to multiply! boostering is necessary!

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11
Q

Inactivated (killed) vaccines: - Inactivating agents?

A
  • formaldehyde - ethylenimine, ethyl-ethylenimine (EI, EEI) - beta-propyolacton (BPL)
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12
Q

Inactivated (killed) vaccines: - adjuvants?

A
  • slow antigen release, depo-effect
  • immunostimulation
  • AIOH3, saponine, oil
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13
Q

Comparison of attenuated and inactivated vaccines:

A
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14
Q

Subunit vaccines:

A
  • containes only proteins responsible for neutralization
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15
Q

Production of subunit vaccines:

A
  • purification after traditional virus production –> chromatography, iscom
  • purification of proteins produced genetically, maipulated bacteria or cells.
  • synthesis, –> maturation of the polypeptide
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16
Q

Advantages of subunit vaccines:

A
  • safe (without nucleic acid)
  • opportunity for differentiation (ELISA)
  • in experiments good efficacy
17
Q

Disadvantages of subunit vaccines:

A
  • expensive
  • only parenteral administration
  • in vivo usually waker immune response
18
Q

Antiidiotype vaccines:

A

Epitope and paratope groups, “key and lock” theory.

Absolutely safe vaccines!

19
Q

Production of Antiidiotype vaccines:

A

* animal species “A” immunized with viral antigen

  • Anti-viral IgG “A” is purified

* Animal species “B” is immunized with anti-viral IgG “A”

  • anti-(IgG “A”) IgG “B” is purified
  • Fab of IgG “B” - viral antigen

* usually with monoclonal antibodies

Virology (25 decks)

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