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Dermatology > Passmedicine/Pastest > Flashcards

Passmedicine/Pastest Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is acanthosis nigricans

A

Describes symmetrical, brown, velvety plaques that are often found on the neck, axilla and groin
associated with insulin resitance

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2
Q

causes of acanthosis nigricans

A 
diatbetes 
acromegaly
cushings
PCOS
gastrointestinal cancer
obesity
hypothyroidism
familial
Prader-Willi syndrome
drugs: oral contraceptive pill, nicotinic acid
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3
Q

causes of spider naevi

A

liver disease
pregnancy
combined oral contraceptive pill

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4
Q

features of pyoderma gangrenosum

A

initially small red papule
later deep, red, necrotic ulcers with a violaceous border
may be accompanied systemic symptoms e.g. Fever, myalgia

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5
Q

causes of pyoderma gangrenosum

A 
idiopathic in 50%
inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's
rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
myeloproliferative disorders
lymphoma, myeloid leukaemias
monoclonal gammopathy (IgA)
primary biliary cirrhosis
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6
Q

management of pydoderma ganrenosum

A

steroids

other immunosuppresives 2nd line

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7
Q

bacteria associated with acne

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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8
Q

most aggressive type of melanoma

A

nodular

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9
Q

most common type of melanoma

A

superficial spreading

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10
Q

causes of erythema nodosum

A

TB, strep infections
sarcoidosis, IBD, Behcet’s, malignancy
Medications- COCP, peneclillins , sulphonamides
Pregnancy

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11
Q

what causes a blue naevus

A

melanocytes fail to fully migrate to epidermis and so are stuck deeper down in the dermis giving a bluish colour

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12
Q

what is asteatotic eczema

A

dermatitis which occurs on very dry skin
classically elderly and malnourish people which transfered into a warn environment eg hosptital

;crazy paving pattern

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13
Q

what is erythema nodosum

A

inlfammation of the subcutaneous fat

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14
Q

what must you always ask about during eczema history or review

A

SLEEP

school/work problems
mood
bullying/embarassment/psychological problems

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15
Q

what is the typical history of a pitirysis rosea

A

herald patch intially followed by widespear truncal rash of multriple erythematous papules with peripheral scale

often follows a viral infection

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16
Q

what is the treatment of pitiryisis rosea

A

often nothing
can use topical steroids
phototherapy if widespread

17
Q

what are the features of lichen planus

A

very itchy pink flat topped shiny macules/papules with koebnerisation
wickaems straie - fine lace like pattern often in mouth

usually lasts for 18mths and burns out

18
Q

treatment of lichen planus

A

topical steroids
oral steroids
UV therapy
burns out after 18 months

if mouth lesions are profuse may need biopsy as increased risk of SCC

19
Q

how is vitiligo managed

A

topical steroids or phototherapy (usually only in darker skinned individuals) may help
suncream
cosmetic camoflage

20
Q

skin changes associated with venous insufficiency in the lower limbs

A 
ulcers
lipodermatosclerosis
atrophie blanche
haemosidderin deposits
varicose veins
varicose eczema
21
Q

how is ABPI measured

A

measure DP and PT pulse in leg with ulcer
measure BP in both arms

take highest reading in the leg/highest BP reading in the arm

22
Q

what is the terms for malignant transformation of a leg ulcer into a SCC

A

marjolin’s ulcer

23
Q

skin conditions associatedd with TB

A

erythema nodosum
lupus vugaris
erythema multiforme

24
Q

tick bite

A

erythmea chronicum migrans

25
Q

what virsu causes ‘slapped checl syndrome’

A

parvovirus B19

also known as erythema infectiosum

26
Q

what is lupus pernio pathoneumonic for

A

sarcoidosis

27
Q

medications that exacerbate psoriasis

A 
Lithium
Beta-blockers
NSAIDs
ACEi
TNF-alpha inhibitors
Anti-malarials

withdrawal of steroids

28
Q

rash assoicated with mycoplasma pneumonia

A

erythema multiform

29
Q

scoring system used to identify patients at risk of pressure sores

A

waterlow

30
Q

when are IV fluids needed in burns

A

In adults, IV fluids should be given in second or third degree burns that cover 15% body surface area or more. In children, IV fluids are recommended when burns cover 10% body surface area.

Dermatology (22 decks)

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