Passmedicine/Pastest Flashcards
what is acanthosis nigricans
Describes symmetrical, brown, velvety plaques that are often found on the neck, axilla and groin
associated with insulin resitance
causes of acanthosis nigricans
diatbetes acromegaly cushings PCOS gastrointestinal cancer obesity hypothyroidism familial Prader-Willi syndrome drugs: oral contraceptive pill, nicotinic acid
causes of spider naevi
liver disease
pregnancy
combined oral contraceptive pill
features of pyoderma gangrenosum
initially small red papule
later deep, red, necrotic ulcers with a violaceous border
may be accompanied systemic symptoms e.g. Fever, myalgia
causes of pyoderma gangrenosum
idiopathic in 50% inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's rheumatoid arthritis, SLE myeloproliferative disorders lymphoma, myeloid leukaemias monoclonal gammopathy (IgA) primary biliary cirrhosis
management of pydoderma ganrenosum
steroids
other immunosuppresives 2nd line
bacteria associated with acne
Propionibacterium acnes
most aggressive type of melanoma
nodular
most common type of melanoma
superficial spreading
causes of erythema nodosum
TB, strep infections
sarcoidosis, IBD, Behcet’s, malignancy
Medications- COCP, peneclillins , sulphonamides
Pregnancy
what causes a blue naevus
melanocytes fail to fully migrate to epidermis and so are stuck deeper down in the dermis giving a bluish colour
what is asteatotic eczema
dermatitis which occurs on very dry skin
classically elderly and malnourish people which transfered into a warn environment eg hosptital
;crazy paving pattern
what is erythema nodosum
inlfammation of the subcutaneous fat
what must you always ask about during eczema history or review
SLEEP
school/work problems
mood
bullying/embarassment/psychological problems
what is the typical history of a pitirysis rosea
herald patch intially followed by widespear truncal rash of multriple erythematous papules with peripheral scale
often follows a viral infection
what is the treatment of pitiryisis rosea
often nothing
can use topical steroids
phototherapy if widespread
what are the features of lichen planus
very itchy pink flat topped shiny macules/papules with koebnerisation
wickaems straie - fine lace like pattern often in mouth
usually lasts for 18mths and burns out
treatment of lichen planus
topical steroids
oral steroids
UV therapy
burns out after 18 months
if mouth lesions are profuse may need biopsy as increased risk of SCC
how is vitiligo managed
topical steroids or phototherapy (usually only in darker skinned individuals) may help
suncream
cosmetic camoflage
skin changes associated with venous insufficiency in the lower limbs
ulcers lipodermatosclerosis atrophie blanche haemosidderin deposits varicose veins varicose eczema
how is ABPI measured
measure DP and PT pulse in leg with ulcer
measure BP in both arms
take highest reading in the leg/highest BP reading in the arm
what is the terms for malignant transformation of a leg ulcer into a SCC
marjolin’s ulcer
skin conditions associatedd with TB
erythema nodosum
lupus vugaris
erythema multiforme
tick bite
erythmea chronicum migrans
what virsu causes ‘slapped checl syndrome’
parvovirus B19
also known as erythema infectiosum
what is lupus pernio pathoneumonic for
sarcoidosis
medications that exacerbate psoriasis
Lithium Beta-blockers NSAIDs ACEi TNF-alpha inhibitors Anti-malarials
withdrawal of steroids
rash assoicated with mycoplasma pneumonia
erythema multiform
scoring system used to identify patients at risk of pressure sores
waterlow
when are IV fluids needed in burns
In adults, IV fluids should be given in second or third degree burns that cover 15% body surface area or more. In children, IV fluids are recommended when burns cover 10% body surface area.
