Passmed Knowledge Flashcards
What disease is associated with fevers, abdominal pain and gastro-intestinal symptoms, typically would cause swinging fevers as a result of the rupture of erythrocytic schizonts, as opposed to a constant one?
Malaria
What disease is associated with abdominal pain and fevers, and is typically associated with a ‘rose spot’ macular rash and a relative bradycardia?
Enteric fever
What disease is associated with the following presenting features?
Usually a large volume of fresh blood. Swallowed blood may cause melena. Often associated with haemodynamic compromise. May stop spontaneously but re-bleeds are common until appropriately managed.
Oesophageal varices
What disease is associated with the following presenting features:
Small volume of fresh blood, often streaking vomit. Malena rare. Often ceases spontaneously. Usually history of antecedent GORD type symptoms.
Oesophagitis
What disease is associated with the following presenting features?
Usually small volume of blood, except as a preterminal event with erosion of major vessels. Often associated symptoms of dysphagia and constitutional symptoms such as weight loss. May be recurrent until malignancy managed.
Cancer
What disease is associated with the following presenting features?
Typically brisk small to moderate volume of bright red blood following a bout of repeated vomiting. Malena rare. Usually ceases spontaneously.
Mallory Weiss tear
Which medication for T2DM have the beneficial side effect of weight loss?
SGLT-2 inhibitors
Which is the most common area to be affected by ischaemic colitis?
Splenic flexure
What investigation is used to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes insipidis?
Water deprivation test
What type of rash usually suggests graft vs host disease?
Painful maculopapular, after an allogenic transplant
What rash is usually non-itchy, and is a reaction to a recent infection or medication?
Erythema multiforme
What condition is a potentially fatal complication of longstanding under-treated hypothyroidism, and causes confusion and hypothermia?
Myxoedema coma
What is the most common organism found in central line infections?
Staph. epidermidis
When diagnosing a suspected DVT, if USS scan is -ve but D dimer is +ve, what is the next appropriate step in managing the patient?
Stop anticoagulation, repeat scan in 1wk
What angina medication may patients develop tolerance to, necessitating a change in regime?
Isosorbide mononitrate (nitrates)
What is the most appropriate first line anti-anginal treatment for stable angina in a patient with known heart failure, if there are no complications?
Bisoprolol
Should also be co-prescribed aspirin and simvastatin
What angina medication is contraindicated if the patient already takes atenalol?
Verapamil - can cause heart block
What is the most common type of prostate cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
How is high INR (>8.0) and minor bleeding managed?
Stop warfarin, give IV vit K
Repeat if INR still high after 24hrs
Restart warfarin when INR <5.0
A Bishop’s score greater than what indicates patient is likely to experience spontaneous labour and requires monitoring and reassurance?
8
What antiviral medication is used to treat herpes zoster opthalmicus?
Oral aciclovir.
No requirement for steroids
Combination of methotrexate and trimethoprim can cause what fatal reaction?
Bone marrow suppression and severe or fatal pancytopenia
In an acute ischemic stroke, what is the time window for thrombolysis?
4.5hrs
In an acute ischemic stroke, what is the time window for thromectomy?
6hrs
