Cardio Flashcards
What is the appropriate management for Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?
Amiodarone Beta-blockers or verapamil for symptoms Cardioverter defibrillator Dual chamber pacemaker Endocarditis prophylaxis*
Nicorandil is most useful in the management of what?
Angina
Where would you listen on the chest for the aortic area?
2nd ICS, right sternal edge
Where would you listen on the chest for the pulmonary area?
2nd ICS, left sternal edge
Where would you listen on the chest for the mitral area?
5th ICS, mid clavicular line
Where would you listen on the chest for the tricuspid area?
5th ICS, left sternal edge
What type of murmur is characterised by:
ejection systolic murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Accentuated on expiration
Located in the aortic area and left sternal edge?
Aortic stenosis
What type of murmur is characterised by:
ejection systolic murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Accentuated on inspiration
Located in the pulmonary area
Pulmonary stenosis
What type of murmur is characterised by:
ejection systolic and mid-late systolic murmur
Valsalva manoeuvre accentuates ejection systolic murmur
Located at the lower left sternal edge and apex
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What type of murmur is characterised by:
pansystolic murmur
Accentuated on expiration
Located at the apex
mitral regurgitation
What type of murmur is characterised by:
pansystolic murmur
Accentuated on inspiration
Located at the lower left sternal edge?
Tricuspid regurgitation
What type of murmur is characterised by:
pansystolic murmur
Located at the left sternal edge?
Ventricular septal defect
What type of murmur is characterised by:
Early diastolic (decrescendo) Accentuated on expiration, leaning forward Located at the left sternal edge, 4th intercostal space
Aortic regurgitation
What type of murmur is characterised by:
Early diastolic (decrescendo)
Accentuated on inspiration
Located at the pulmonary area
Pulmonary regurgitation
What type of murmur is characterised by:
Mid diastolic
Accentuated on expiration, lying on left side
Located at the apex
Mitral stenosis
Which anticoagulant should be offered first line in the event of a PE?
DOAC eg apixaban or rivaroxiban
How long should patients be anticoagulated following a PE?
All patients - 3 months minimum
Provoked PE - stop after 3 months
Provoked PE + active Ca - stop after 3-6 months
Unprovoked PE - stop after 6 months
(Use ORBIT score to assess risk of bleeding)
How is Dressler’s syndrome managed?
NSAIDs preferably or a prolonged course of colchicine or steroids.
Which condition gives an abnormally large drop in BP during inspiration, known as pulsus paradoxus
Cardiac tamponade
What is first line for a young/ diabetic person with hypertension?
ACE inhibitor eg ramipril or ARB eg candesartan
What is first line for an old/ non diabetic/ african carribean with hypertension?
CCB eg amlodipine
Which drug is added if an ace inhibitor and ccb combined do not control patients hypertension?
Thiazide like diuretic eg indapamide
In which conditions can you give atropine?
Symptomatic sinus bradycardia or second- degree heart block (Mobitz II).
How is a type a aortic dissection managed?
Labetalol and surgery
