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Medicine AMK knowledge > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What is the appropriate management for Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?

A 
Amiodarone
Beta-blockers or verapamil for symptoms
Cardioverter defibrillator
Dual chamber pacemaker
Endocarditis prophylaxis*
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2
Q

Nicorandil is most useful in the management of what?

A

Angina

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3
Q

Where would you listen on the chest for the aortic area?

A

2nd ICS, right sternal edge

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4
Q

Where would you listen on the chest for the pulmonary area?

A

2nd ICS, left sternal edge

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5
Q

Where would you listen on the chest for the mitral area?

A

5th ICS, mid clavicular line

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6
Q

Where would you listen on the chest for the tricuspid area?

A

5th ICS, left sternal edge

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7
Q

What type of murmur is characterised by:

ejection systolic murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Accentuated on expiration
Located in the aortic area and left sternal edge?

A

Aortic stenosis

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8
Q

What type of murmur is characterised by:

ejection systolic murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Accentuated on inspiration
Located in the pulmonary area

A

Pulmonary stenosis

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9
Q

What type of murmur is characterised by:

ejection systolic and mid-late systolic murmur
Valsalva manoeuvre accentuates ejection systolic murmur
Located at the lower left sternal edge and apex

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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10
Q

What type of murmur is characterised by:

pansystolic murmur
Accentuated on expiration
Located at the apex

A

mitral regurgitation

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11
Q

What type of murmur is characterised by:

pansystolic murmur
Accentuated on inspiration
Located at the lower left sternal edge?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

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12
Q

What type of murmur is characterised by:

pansystolic murmur
Located at the left sternal edge?

A

Ventricular septal defect

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13
Q

What type of murmur is characterised by:

Early diastolic (decrescendo)
Accentuated on expiration, leaning forward
Located at the left sternal edge, 4th intercostal space
A

Aortic regurgitation

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14
Q

What type of murmur is characterised by:

Early diastolic (decrescendo)
Accentuated on inspiration
Located at the pulmonary area

A

Pulmonary regurgitation

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15
Q

What type of murmur is characterised by:

Mid diastolic
Accentuated on expiration, lying on left side
Located at the apex

A

Mitral stenosis

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16
Q

Which anticoagulant should be offered first line in the event of a PE?

A

DOAC eg apixaban or rivaroxiban

17
Q

How long should patients be anticoagulated following a PE?

A

All patients - 3 months minimum

Provoked PE - stop after 3 months
Provoked PE + active Ca - stop after 3-6 months
Unprovoked PE - stop after 6 months

(Use ORBIT score to assess risk of bleeding)

18
Q

How is Dressler’s syndrome managed?

A

NSAIDs preferably or a prolonged course of colchicine or steroids.

19
Q

Which condition gives an abnormally large drop in BP during inspiration, known as pulsus paradoxus

A

Cardiac tamponade

20
Q

What is first line for a young/ diabetic person with hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitor eg ramipril or ARB eg candesartan

21
Q

What is first line for an old/ non diabetic/ african carribean with hypertension?

A

CCB eg amlodipine

22
Q

Which drug is added if an ace inhibitor and ccb combined do not control patients hypertension?

A

Thiazide like diuretic eg indapamide

23
Q

In which conditions can you give atropine?

A

Symptomatic sinus bradycardia or second- degree heart block (Mobitz II).

24
Q

How is a type a aortic dissection managed?

A

Labetalol and surgery

25
Q

How is a type b aortic dissection managed?

A

Labetalol and bed rest (conservative)

26
Q

What is used for thrombolysis in a massvie PE?

A

Alteplase

27
Q

Which agents are used for pharmacological cardioversion in AF?

A

Amiodarone and flecainide

28
Q

What is the anticoagulant treatment of choice for patients with mechanical heart valves?

A

Warfarin

29
Q

What is the appropriate antibiotic treatment for rheumatic fever?

A

IM benzylpenicillin / oral penicillin V

30
Q

Which heart murmur is heard in rheumatic fever?

A

Mitral stenosis (pansystolic)

31
Q

Which medication is contraindicated in ventricular tachycardia?

A

Verapamil

32
Q

What medication is first line anticoagulation to reduce stroke risk in patients with AF?

A

Edoxaban (factor Xa inhib)

33
Q

What is the first line treatment for patients with heart failure with reduced LVEF?

A

beta blocker + ace inhibitor

eg bisoprolol and ramipril

34
Q

What is second line for patients with heart failure with reduced LVEF?

A

aldosterone antagonist eg spironolactone

35
Q

Which vaccines should be offered to patients with chronic heart failure?

A

Annual influenza
one off pneumococcal

36
Q

What constitutes trifasicular block?

A

RBBB +left anterior or posterior hemiblock (left axis deviaton) + 1st-degree heart block (PR interval lengthened)

37
Q
A

Medicine AMK knowledge (24 decks)

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