Infectious disease

Question 1

Staphylococcus, streptococcus and enterococcus belong to which bacterial group?

Answer 1

Gram +ve cocci

Question 2

Corneybacteria, mycobacteria, lysteria, bascillus and nocardea belong to which baterial group?

Answer 2

Gram +ve rods

Question 3

Clostridium, lactobascillus, actinomyces and propinobacterium all belong to which bacterial group?

Answer 3

Gram +ve anaerobes

Question 4

Which antibiotics are given for MRSA?

Answer 4

Doxycycline, clindamycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid

Question 5

What is the first line antibiotic for cellulitis?

Answer 5

Flucloxacillin
Co-amox if near eyes and nose

Question 6

In bacterial meningitis in a patient > 50 years old, what is the appropriate maqnagement?

Answer 6

Cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone) + amoxicillin (or ampicillin) for adults

Question 7

In bacterial meningitis in a patient less than 50 years old, what is the appropriate maqnagement?

Answer 7

Cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)

Question 8

How does yellow fever present?

Answer 8

Yellow fever typically presents with flu like illness → brief remission→ followed by jaundice and haematemesis

Question 9

What is the appropriate management for toxoplasmosis in immunocompetant patients?

Answer 9

No treatment needed

Question 10

What is the appropriate management for toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients?

Answer 10

pyrimethamine plus sulphadiazine for at least 6 weeks

Question 10

What is the antibiotic of choice in pregnant women with a UTI in their third trimester?

Answer 10

amoxicillin or cefalexin

Question 11

What strains of HPV most commonly cause genital warts?

Answer 11

6 + 11

Question 12

What are the features of gastroenteritis caused by e.coli?

Answer 12

Common amongst travellers
Watery stools
Abdominal cramps and nausea

Question 13

What are the features of gastroenteritis caused by giardiasis?

Answer 13

prolonged, non-bloody diarrhoea

Question 14

What are the features of gastroenteritis caused by cholera?

Answer 14

profuse, watery diarrhoea
Severe dehydration resulting in weightloss
Not common amongst travellers

Question 15

What are the features of gastroenteritis caused by shigella?

Answer 15

bloody diarrhoea
vomiting and abdo pain

Question 16

What are the features of gastroenteritis caused by staph aureus?

Answer 16

severe vomiting
short incubation period

Question 17

What are the features of gastroenteritis caused by campylobactar?

Answer 17

Flu-like prodrome, usually followed by crampy abdo pain, fever and diarrhoea which may be bloody
May mimic appendicitis
Complications include guillan barre syndrome

Question 18

What are the features of gastroenteritis caused by bascillus cereus?

Answer 18

Either: vomiting within 6hrs, typically due to rice
Or: diarrhoeal illness after 6hrs

Short incubation period

Question 19

What are the features of gastroenteritis caused by amoebosis?

Answer 19

Gradual onset bloody diarrhoea, abdo pain and tenderness that may last several weeks

Question 20

What is the antibiotic treatment of choice for Lyme disease?

Answer 20

1st line Doxycycline
2nd line Amox

Question 21

How is a UTI managed in non-pregnant women?

Answer 21

trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin for 3 days
send a urine culture if:
aged > 65 years
visible or non-visible haematuria

Question 22

How is a UTI managed in pregnant women that are symptomatic?

Answer 22

a urine culture should be sent in all cases

first-line: nitrofurantoin (should be avoided near term)
second-line: amoxicillin or cefalexin

trimethoprim is teratogenic in the first trimester and should be avoided during pregnancy

Question 23

How is asymptomatic bacteriurea managed in pregnant women?

Answer 23

immediate antibiotic prescription of either nitrofurantoin (should be avoided near term), amoxicillin or cefalexin (7-day course).

a further urine culture should be sent following completion of treatment as a test of cure

Question 24

How is a UTI managed in men?

Answer 24

immediate antibiotic prescription should be offered for 7 days - trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin should be offered first-line unless prostatitis is suspected

a urine culture should be sent in all cases before antibiotics are started

Question 25

How should a UTI be managed in catheterised patients?

Answer 25

do not treat asymptomatic bacteria in catheterised patients

if the patient is symptomatic they should be treated with an antibiotic (7-day)

consider removing or changing the catheter as soon as possible if it has been in place for longer than 7 days

Question 26

What does retro-orbital headache, fever, facial flushing, rash, thrombocytopenia in returning traveller suggest?

Answer 26

Dengue fever