Passage Planning

Question 1

What is APEM?

Answer 1

Appraisal ( )

Planning (Lay out the voyage)

Execution (Execute, review, change if required)

Monitoring (Monitor the passage by all available resources)

Question 2

What should be on a passage plan? (12)

Answer 2

ETD
ETA
Route
Fuel / Stores
Speed
Tidal information
Stops or deviations
Guests demands
Weather
Stability criteria
Safe havens
Company navigation policy / SMS

Question 3

Which publications are good to use for passage planning?

Answer 3

Chart Catalogue
Charts
Ocean Passages of The World
Routeing Charts
Weather Routeing Charts
Admiralty Sailing Directions
Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals
Admiralty List of Radio Signals
Tide Tables
Tidal Stream Atlas
Notices to Mariners
Admiralty Distance Tables
Ships Routeing
Navigational Warnings
Mariner’s Handbook
Nautical almanac
Ship Data / Manoeuvring Booklet
Owners and other sources
Personal Experience / Previous Plans

Question 4

Where should a passage plan go from/to?

Answer 4

Berth to berth

Question 5

What should be planned on the chart? (17)

Answer 5

No go areas
Waypoints
Courses + course notations
Distances
XTD / Margins of safety
Planned speeds
Position fixing methods
Position fixing intervals
Calling points (VTS)
Navigation hazards
Slow down points / S.B.E
Abort lines
Contingency Anchorages / Safe havens
Parallel Indexes
Change of chart points
Equipment checks (echo sounder)
Currents

Question 6

Benefits of weather routeing information?

Answer 6

Increased safety
Better conditions for cargo and crew
Fuel and time savings
Reduced costs overall

Question 7

What would I do in the appraisal stage?

Answer 7

Get all in the information regarding the voyage

Question 8

What is the general information in the appraisal stage?

Answer 8

Berth requirements
Bridge manning

Question 9

What is the operational information in the appraisal stage?

Answer 9

Helicopter operations
Mooring and tug operations
Port entry requirements
Security and anti-piracy measures

Question 10

What is the environmental information in the appraisal stage?

Answer 10

Emission control areas (ECA)
MARPOL special areas
Garbage disposal
Port reception facilities

Question 11

What is the contingency information in the appraisal stage?

Answer 11

Emergency response plans
Notifications and reporting
Passage plan amendments

Question 12

What is the objective of a passage plan?

Answer 12

Safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of navigation and protection of the marine
environment.

“The safest and most economical passage between two ports”

Question 13

What do you need to consider when setting UKC?

Answer 13

Squat due to shallow water effect
Heeling (due to wind or turning and pitching movement
Reliability of chartered depth
Predicted tidal levels
Areas of mobile bottom
Accuracy of actual draught (due to cargo changes)
Reduced depths over pipelines or other obstructions

Question 14

What would I do in the planning stage?

Answer 14

Lay out the voyage

No go areas
Waypoints
Courses + course notations
Distances
XTD / Margins of safety
Planned speeds
Position fixing methods
Position fixing intervals
Calling points (VTS)
Navigation hazards
Slow down points / S.B.E
Abort lines
Contingency Anchorages / Safe havens
Parallel Indexes
Change of chart points
Equipment checks (echo sounder)
Currents
Turn radiuses
Wheel over positions

Question 15

What’s the OOW’s role in the monitoring phase? (6-11-5)

Answer 15

The passage plan should be available at all times on the bridge & the voyage should monitored against it.

THREE Ps

PEOPLE
*Fully licensed officers shall be on the bridge at all times
*Shall be fit for duty (not under the influence of alcohol, drugs or fatigue and medically fit)
*There shall be sufficient personnel for navigational workload
*The officer shall have done a company familiarisation in the bridge
*During the hours of darkness you must have a lookout and the lookout should have a navigational watchkeeping certificate
*The bridge personnel shall have mariners english

PROCEDURES
*The OOW has overall safety of vessel, people onboard, the environment and others around you
*We should monitor the vessel along her intended track, ensuring we don’t run into danger
*Comply with COLREGS (mainly 7 & 8)
Maintain a safe radio watch, responding to all distress
*Keep an internal lookout
Following SMS, companies- and masters standing orders
*Monitoring the weather and processing weather and navigational warnings
*Cross checking and monitor navigational equipment and responding to alarms
*Displaying correct lights & signals
Comply with marpol
*Make sure safety rounds are conducted
*Ensuring that the vessel is reporting as required
*Conducting proper handovers
*Calling the master at appropriate times

PAPERWORK
*Keep a complete record of everything that happened on your watch
*GMDSS Logbook - all distress and summary of usage (and testing) shall be logged
*Garbage record book
*Magnetic compass book
*Any ISM checklist

Question 16

What is safety contour on ECDIS?

Answer 16

A under set value that highlights a depth contour between “safe-water” and shallow water. Give an alarm if the guard zone is going to cross

Question 17

What is safety depth on ECDIS?

Answer 17

User set value to portray soundings as black if they are equal to or shallower than the value

Question 18

How do you check a route on ECDIS?

Answer 18

ECDIS route scanning function as well as a visual inspection on the 1:1 compilation.

Question 19

IMO resolution for passage planning?

Answer 19

IMO resolution A.893

Question 20

Whats in IMO resolution A.893?

Answer 20

APEM

Question 21

What important to remember when it comes the quality of source data in ECDIS?

Answer 21

Be aware that the charted objects on an ENC are not more accurate or precisely
plotted than charted objects on the corresponding RNC or paper chart

Make sure that there is enough of a safety margin between charted hazards and the
ship’s intended route to allow for the accuracy and precision of charts.

Question 22

Paperwork for passage planning

Answer 22

SMS
SOLAS Chapter V
IMO Resolution. A893

Question 23

Concerns for passage planning?

Answer 23

Drills
Safe manning
Weather

Question 24

Appraisal? Passage Planning

Answer 24

General Information
Operational information
Navigational Information
Environmental Information
Contingency Information

Question 25

What is the navigational information in the appraisal stage? (9)

Answer 25

1. Charts & Publications available & up to date
2. Advice in the sailing directions
3. Availability and reliability of navigation aids
4. Pilotage requirements
5. Draught & UKC requirements
6. Position fixing requirements
7. Reporting requirements
8. Weather Information
9. Reliability of critical systems due to defects (propulsion, steering gear, nav equipment)

Question 26

What would I do in the execution stage? (1-5)

Answer 26

Last minute considerations:

*Changes in condition of vessel
*Meteorological conditions
*Traffic conditions
*ETAs at critical points
*Daytime versus night-time passing off danger points

Question 27

What is safety depth on ECDIS?

Answer 27

User set value to portray soundings as black if they are equal to or shallower than the value

Question 28

What additional things would you consider when passage planning using ECDIS?

Answer 28

1. Correct updates, licenses and permits for charts
   If we got raster, we need back-up paper charts and conduct a risk assessment as per MGN 285
2. Parameters and sensor inputs are all good (UKC, LOA GPS)
3. 1:1 Compilation scale, Standard display, Overlay CATZOC
4. Set safety contour & safety depth
5. Create route
6. Set guard zone & XTD
7. Automatic Route Check function
8. Manually check each point in 1:1 compilation
9. Upload route
10. Monitor route
11. Ensure everything is working