PAS hematology slides

Question 1

Bone marrow biopsy in ALL shows ?

Answer 1

> 20% Lymphoblasts

Question 2

ALL remission rate ?

Answer 2

> 85%

Question 3

Relapse rate in ALL ?

Answer 3

High -> SCT

Question 4

Bone marrow biopsy in AML ?

Answer 4

> 20 % myeloblasts

Question 5

Auer rods are seen in ?

Answer 5

AML ( it helps to deffrentiate it AML from ALL)

Question 6

AML M3 ( ApML )

Answer 6

High risk of DIC : All trans retinoic acid and Arsenic trioxide.

Question 7

AML type M5

Answer 7

High risk of Lukostasis ( leukopheresis)

Question 8

Most common chronic lukemia in adults ?

Answer 8

CLL ( impaired maturation of Lymphoblasts to Lymphocytes).

Question 9

CLL pathophysioloy ?

Answer 9

• delayed apoptosis of Lymphocytes.
  *

Question 10

What is the cause of infection in CLL ?

Answer 10

Hypogamaglobulinemia

Question 11

Most common presenation of CLL?

Answer 11

Lymphadenopathy

Question 12

What is the cause of hemolysis in CLL

Answer 12

Autoimmune hemolysis ( direct coomb test positive)
elevated LDH

Question 13

Smudge cell is a Hallmark of

Answer 13

CLL

Question 14

Bone marrow biopsy in CLL ?

Answer 14

Not required

Question 15

What are the mutations significant for poor prognosis in CLL?

Answer 15

*ZAP-70+
*del(17p)
*del(11q)

Question 16

Myeloid erythroid ratio in CML ?

Answer 16

3:1

Question 17

Blasts in CML chronic vs blast phase

Answer 17

> 20 blast
<10 chronic

Question 18

Lymphomas comprise what % of all malignancies ?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

What are Hodgkin’s Cells ?

Answer 19

Mononuclear malignant B cells.

Question 20

Immunological markers of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma ?

Answer 20

CD15 and CD13 positive.

Question 21

Popcorn cells are seen in ?

Answer 21

Nodular Lymphocyte predominat Hodgkins Lymphoma.

Question 22

Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Low grade is common in __ and high grade in ___?

Answer 22

Adults high grade, clinically indolent
Peads low grade clinically agressive.

Question 23

Median age of NHL

Answer 23

10 and increases with age

Question 24

What percentage of low grade transforms to high grade in NHL?

Answer 24

30%

Question 25

Echymosis is seen in what type of Lymphoma

Answer 25

NHL

Question 26

Jaundice is seen in what type of Lymphoma ?

Answer 26

HL

Question 27

ABVD can result in ?

Answer 27

Temporary oligospermia

Question 28

R-CHOP for NHL how many cycles ?

Answer 28

• 8 cycles of 21 days blocks.
  *Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisolone

Question 29

HL prognosis ?

Answer 29

HL 5-year survival
Stage 1 & 2 = 90%
Stage 3 = 84%
Stage 4 = 65%

Question 30

NHL prognosis ?

Answer 30

Low-grade NHL: Median survival 8-10 years
High-grade NHL: 40% 5-year survival

Question 31

What is the primary vs secondary dichotomy in MDS ?

Answer 31

Primary = 90%
Secondary = 10%

Question 32

symptoms in MDS ?

Answer 32

It depends on the affected myeloid cell line.

Question 33

Bone marrow in MDS may ?

Answer 33

Howell- Jolly bodies
Pappenhimer bodies.

Question 34

What is the MDS dx criteria ?

Answer 34

The diagnosis of MDS is made based on the presence of:
one or more cytopenia’s,
≥10 percent of nucleated cells in at least one lineage that are morphologically dysplastic,
<20 percent blasts forms in blood and bone marrow,
and/or characteristic cytogenetic or molecular findings,
without evidence of an alternate cause of these findings

Question 35

What is the drug of choice for MDS patients with 5q deletion?

Answer 35

Lenalidomide

Question 36

In splenic sequestration hypovolumic shock occurs ?

Answer 36

Within hours due to rapid drop in circulating blood volume.

Question 37

What are the prenatal screening in Sickle cell carriers children

Answer 37

Chorionic villus sampling before 15 weeks of gestation. after 15 weeks Amniocentesis.

Question 38

Golf ball like RBC’s are seen in

Answer 38

HbH disease ( aplha thalasemia 3 gene mutation)

Question 39

Target cells are seen in ?

Answer 39

All thalasemias.

Question 40

Transferin saturation in Hemochromatosis ?

Answer 40

HIgh ( Low rules out it)

Question 41

Iron overload symptoms starts when?

Answer 41

total body iron
reaches 10-20 g

Question 42

mutation in Type 1 Hereditary Hemochromatosis? (classic )

Answer 42

C282Y mutation; autosomal recessive
1:8 carrier frequency in N. Europe

Question 43

mutation in Type 2 Hereditary Hemochromatosis? (Juvenile Hemochromatosis)

Answer 43

Mutation in HJV gene; autosomal
recessive

Question 44

Type 4 Hereditary Hemochromatosis?

Answer 44

“Ferroportin disease”
* Autosomal dominant mutation in
SLC40A1 gene

Question 45

Total body iron

Answer 45

• Women = 2 to 3 g
• Men = 3 to 4 g

Question 46

How to diagnose Protein C and S deficiency ?

Answer 46

*Low Protein C antigen or low Protein S antigen
* Functional assays for either protein

Question 47

What is the cause of Factor V laden ?

Answer 47

Point mutation in F5 gene, autosomal dominant condition. Most common in general population.

Question 48

Prothrombin G20210A Mutation

Answer 48

It is the second most common inherited thrombophelia

Question 49

Anti-phosphospholpid syndrome is associated to what gene ?

Answer 49

HLA-DR7 association

Question 50

What is the normal function of anti-beta2-glycoprotein 1?

Answer 50

inhibit plate aggregation. But defects triggers clotting in antiphospholipd syndrome.

Question 51

In anti-phospholipid syndrome ?

Answer 51

• C3 and C4 decreased and aPTT increased.

Question 52

In arterial thrombosis only test for

Answer 52

APS

Question 53

In venous thrombosis test for ?

Answer 53

Factor V Leiden
APS
Antithrombin deficiecny
Protein C and S
Prothrombin G20210A mutation