particles of matter Flashcards
what is density?
mass of a substance and how much room it takes up. (mass per unit volume)
what does density rely on?
what its made of and how particles are arranged
arrangement and energy of solids?
strong forces of attraction, fixed, regular arrangements. not much energy (vibrate), highest density
arrangement and energy of gases?
no force of attraction, more energy than liquids and solids, free moving, random directions at high speeds, low density.
arrangement and energy of liquids?
weaker forces of attraction, particles close but can move past eachother, irregular arrangements, more energy than solids, random directions at slow speeds, less dense than solids.
what happens if a substance is heated enough?
state change, have enough kinetic energy to break bonds holding them together.
what doesnt change during state change?
number of particles, just arranged differently, no mass is lost.
what happens when a substance is melting or boiling?
energy used for breaking bonds instead of changing temperature, flat line on graph = state change.
whats latent heat?
energy needed to change state of substance.
whats specific latent heat?
amount of energy required to change 1kg of substance from one state to another without changing its temperature.
whats the specific latent heat for changing from solid to liquid
specific latent heat of fusion
whats the specific latent heat for changing between liquid and gas?
specific latent heat of vaporisation.
the higher temperature? in a sealed container?
higher the average energy, higher pressure.
constant temperature increases?
volume, pressure goes down
whats doing work?
transferring energy by applying a force.
