Bioenergetics Flashcards
what happens during photosynthesis?
energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
whats the word equations for photosynthesis?
carbon dixoide + water –light— glucose + oxygen
whats the symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H20 —light—- C6H12O6 + 6O2
what do plants use glucose for?
respiration, cellulose production, making amino acids, stored as oils or fats, stored as starch
what happens during respiration?
transfers energy from glucose, lets plants convert rest of glucose into different useful substances.
what does cellulose do?
makes a strong plant wall.
how are amino acids made?
glucose is combined with nitrate ions from soil.
whats starch good for?
its ready to use when photosynthesis isnt happening.
what are limiting factors of photosynthesis?
light intensity, concentration of CO2, temperature.
what can the amount of chlorophyll be affected by?
disease e.g tobacco mosaic virus,
environmental stress e.g lack of nutrients
what does not enough light do to photosynthesis?
it slows down photosynthesis, need another limiting reactant such as CO2.
what does too little carbon dioxide do to photosynthesis?
it slows it down.
as long as light and c02 are in good supply the factor limiting photosynthesis must be temperature.
what does it mean if the limiting factor is temperature?
the temperature is too low- enzymes needed for photosynthesis work more slowly at slow temp
what is inversely proportional to eachother during the bond weed required practical?
the distance and light intensity are directly proportional.
what is the inverse square law?
light intensity proportional to 1 over distance squared
whats the most common way to artifically create the ideal conditions for farming?
grow them in a greenhouse.
what does a greenhouse do?
traps the suns heat in, so temperature doesnt become limiting.
heater in winter, ventilation and shades in summer
how can light be increased for longer and carbon dixoide levels increased?
light- artificial light after sun goes down
carbon dixoide- paraffin heaters
what is respiration?
transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose (sugar)
is respiration exothermic or endothermic?
exothermic
what do organisms use energy from respiration for?
build up larger molecules from smaller ones
allow muscles to contract
keep body temperature steady in colder surroundings.
what happens when small glucose molecules are joined together?
starch is formed in plant cells
glycogen in animals
cellulose in cell walls
whats a metabolism?
the sum of all of the reactions that happen in a cell or body.
aerobic respiration equation?
glucose + oxygen —- carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 — 6CO2 + 6H2O
when does anaerobic respiration happen?
when you do vigorous exercise and your body cant supply enough oxygen to your muscles.
word equation for anerobic respiration?
glucose —– lactic acid
what produces more energy anerobic or aerobic respiration?
aerobic respiration
what do plant and yeast cells produce when they respire without oxygen?
ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide.
equation for respiration in plants and yeast cells?
glucose —— ethanol + carbon dioxide.
whats fermentation?
anaerobic respiration in yeast cells, in food and drinks, bread and alcohol.
whats an oxygen debt?
amount of extra oxygen your body needs to react with the build up of lactic acid.
whats another way the body deals with high levels of lactic acid?
blood enters your muscles transports the lactic acid to liver, liver converts it back to glucose.
